Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ACSM CPT Test
ACSM CPT Test
120
Other
Not Applicable
10/02/2012

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Definition
SITS-Supraspinatus, Infrapspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Term
What actions does the rotator cuff complete?
Definition

S-SUPRASPINATUS-abduction at glenohumeral joint

I-INFRASPINATUS-external rotation at glenohumeral joint

T-TERES MINOR-external rotation at the glenohumeral joint

S-SUBSCAPULARIS-internal rotation glenohumeral joint

Term
What does PAR-Q stand for and what does it ask?
Definition
PAR-Q stands for physcial activity readiness questionaire. PAR-Q determines if a client needs medical clearance, if they have a heart condition, if they've had any injuries, bone/joint problems, are on any drugs
Term
What does the Health History Form ask?
Definition
Heart problems, chest tightness, health issues (diabetes, asthma etc.), pregnant
Term
What is negligence?
Definition
A failure to conform one's conduct to generally accepted standard of duty.
Term
What are the three sites to take heart rate?
Definition

1) radial-wrist

2) brachial-medial side of elbow

3) carotid-neck; along border of sternocleidomastoid in lower neck

Term
What are the ranges for BMI?
Definition

Underweight: <18.5

Normal: 18.5-24.9

Overweight: 25.0-29.9

Obese 1: 30.0-34.9

Obese 2: 35.0-39.9

Obese 3: >40

Term
What is the formula for BMI?
Definition
BMI=KG/M SQUARED
Term
Describe blood flow to the heart.
Definition
  • Right atrium contracts
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Right ventricle contracts
  • Pulmonary valve
  • arteries and branches of respitatory system
  • blood to capillaries to arteries, gas exchange
  • 02 absorbed, CO2 removed
  • Left atrium contracts
  • through pulmonary veins
  • mitral (bicuspid) valve
  • into left ventricle
Term
What is cardaic output? How is it calculated?
Definition

volume of blood pumped by the heart per min (Q)

calculated by Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Q is approx. .4-.5L per minute

Term
What is stroke volume? How is it calculated?
Definition

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a single contraction

 

STROKE VOLUME=END DIASTOLIC VOLUME-END SYSTOLIC VOLUME

Term

What is blood pressure?

What is avg. bp?

What is considered hypertension?

Definition

Systolic (contraction) & Diastolic (relaxtion)

 

Average blood pressure is 120/80

 

Hypertension is 140/90

Term
What is the VO2 (oxygen consumption) equation?
Definition

Fick Equation

VO2= HR (bpm) x SV (mL x beatˆ-1) x (a-venous 02 difference)

 

*single best index of physical work capacity or cardiorespitatory fitness*

 

Term
What is expiration? What muscles are involved with expiration?
Definition

Expiration-respitatory muscles relax, air flows from lungs into atmosphere b/c of positive pressure generated by elastic recoil of lungs

 

Muscles-internal intercostals, rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, transverse abdominis

Term
What is FORCED expiration?
Definition

Obstructed airway. hypervenilation of lungs stretches the lung tisse and leads to additional elastic recoil, forcing crural portion of diagphragm down and shortening vertical muscle fibers.

Muscles can not contract.

Term
What are the three types of muscle and their functions?
Definition
  1. Skeletal Muscle-primarily attached to bone, voluntary control, moves & stablize body, anchored by tendons
  2. Cardaic muscle-contracts w/out an external nervous system (heart muscle)
  3. Smooth Muscle-involuntary movement, not controlled by the brain (digestive tract)
Term
What is the SA node?
Definition
Intrinsic pacemaker. Controls impulses.
Term
What is the spine made up of?
Definition

24 vertebrae

7 cervial vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

Term

What is kyphosis?

What is lordosis?

What is scoliosis?

Definition

 

[image]

Kyphosis-cervical and lumbar posterior spinal curve

[image]

Lordosis-thoracic and sacral anterior spinal curve

[image]

Scoliosis-lateral deviation from midline of spine

Term
What is anaerobic metabolism?
Definition
Also called anaerobic glycolsis, immediately breaking down muscle carbohydrate w/out the presence of O2 & providing additional few minutes of ATP supply
Term
What is aerobic metabolism/oxidative phosphorlaytion?
Definition
The metabolic end of lactate result in localized intramuscular acidiosis which limits musc. performance. Carbs and fat can be broken down in presence of O2 to increase ATP production.
Term

What are type 1 muscle fibers?

Type 2? Type 2a, 2b, 2c?

Definition

Type 1 Muscle Fibers-slow twitch, selected for low activity of low intensity and long duration

Type 2 Muscle Fibers-fast twitch, shorten & develop tension sooner than type1, greater success in power & high intensity speed tasks, greater portion of type 2

 

Type 2a-endurance

Type 2b-"classic" fast twitch

Type 2c-innervation of skeletal muscle

Term

What is Heart Rate Reserve?

(HRR)

Definition
the difference between max hr and resting hr
Term
What formula do you use to determine target HR? Target VO2?
Definition

Target HR (low end) =[ (0.40) x HRmax - HRrest)]+HRrest

 

Target HR (high end)=[(0.85+HRmax-HRrest)]+HRrest

 

Target VO2 (lower end)= [(0.40) x (VO2max-VO2rest)] + V02rest

 

Target VO2 (high end)= [(0.85x(VO2max-VO2rest)]+VO2rest

Term
What equals 1 MET?
Definition
3.5 mL • kg-1•min-1
Term

What is the inch to cm conversion?

Inch to m?

LBS to Kg?

Definition

inch x 2.54=CENTIMETER

inch x 0.0254=METER

lbs ÷ 2.2 = KG

Term
What are the importance of a warm-up and cool-down? What percent should they be performed at?
Definition

Warm-up-body is better prepared to meet challenge that will be presented, improve performance and decrease injury, should include similiar movements to what stimuli will contain

 

Cool-down-improve performance and decrease injury, help clear metabolic waste from skeletal muscle, prevent exercise induced hypotension

 

Should be performed at 50% of stimuli

Term
What is the order of periodization in regards to resistance training?
Definition
  1. Hypertrophy
  2. Strength/Power
  3. Peak
  4. Recovery
Term
What is DOMS? What relation does rhambdomylosis have to DOMS?
Definition

DOMS-delayed onset muscle soreness, shows individual has done TOO much TOO soon

 

Rhabdomylosis-promotes rapid breakdown of musc. tissue resulting in high amount of break down products entering into blood stream (harmful to kidneys & can cause kidney failure and death)

Term
What are the three most popular methods of stretching?
Definition

1) Static stretch-hold position, slow movements, passive

2) Dynamic-incoporates movement with muscle tension development, only as active stretches

3) Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)-active and passive, improve joint range of motion

Term
What does the principle of specifitity state?
Definition
The principle of specificity states that training a SPECIFIC way will produce a SPECIFIC result to reach a SPECIFIC goal with a SPECIFIC type of program
Term
What does the principle of overload state?
Definition
Stress placed on muscoskeletal system must be greated than normal during specific workout and it should exceed stress during previous workouts
Term
What do the principles of progression and regression state?
Definition

The principle of progression states an increase in workload is needed to maintain overload.

 

The principle of regression states that if you don't USE it you LOSE it.

Term
What is the difference between bilateral, unilateral and general ankle edema?
Definition

Bilateral-most evident at night and is a characterstic sign of heart failure

Unilateral-venous thrombosis or lymphatic blockage

General edema (anasacra)-nephrotic syndrome (group of symptoms that include protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling), severe heart failure of hepatic cirrhosis

Term

What is the waist to hip ratio? (WHR)

What WHR determines health risks in men and women?

Definition

WHR-comparison between the circumference of the waist and circumference of the hip

 

men= ≥ 0.95 or 102cm

women =≥ 0.86 or 88cm

Term

What does more weight at trunk imply?

How is waist to hip ratio measured?

Definition

More weight at trunk, higher risk for type 2 diabtes, hyperlipedemia, CAD

 

Waist-smallest circumference measure 1inch above umbilicus or navel

Hip-largest circumference around buttocks, above gluteal folds

Term
What is precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance?
Definition
The 5 stages of readiness to change.
Term
Name what the 5 stages of readiness are and what they mean.
Definition
  1. Precontemplation-I CAN'T, I WON'T
  2. Contemplation-I MIGHT
  3. Preparation-I WILL
  4. Action-I AM
  5. MAINTENANCE-I STILL AM

(maintenance-must be in the stage for 6 months and there after to be considered in the maintenance stage)

Term
What are the SMART goals?
Definition
  1. S-SPECIFIC-well-defined, clear actions, details, of how and when client will accomplish specific behavior
  2. M-MEASURABLE-objective and measure (body fat comp, WHR), clear to trainer and client
  3. A-ACTION-BASED-things client will actually do
  4. R-REALISTIC-possible to achieve given time and resource (NOT REALISTIC-lose 30lbs in one week)
  5. T-TIMELY-have a deadline to hit goal
Term
What increase HDL, lowers LDL, and reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressures?
Definition
Increased activity.
Term
How many cals per gram are in CHO, PRO, FAT?
Definition
  • CHO-4 grams per cal
  • PRO-4 grams per cal
  • FAT-9 grams per cal
Term
How much and how often should a person consume water during exercise bouts?
Definition

Drink water on a fixed time interval rather than use thrist as a signal

(thristy is already dehydrated)

Drink to match sweat losses,

.4-.8L during exercise

If weight drops below after exercise drink 20oz. for each lbs. lost

Term
How much fat intake is recommened for USDA pyramid?
Definition
20-35% of total cals
Term
What is Anorexia defined as?
Definition

Body weight at least 15% below lowest value for excepted height

 

BMI <17.5 kg·m2

Term
What are the signs and symptoms of Anorexia?
Definition
  • intense fear of weight gain and fat
  • body dysmorphia (can't see what their body really looks like)
  • osteoporsis
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • menstrual irregularites or loss of menstrual cycle
  • cardaic arrthymia
  • loss of muscle mass
Term
What is plethysmography?
Definition
test used to measure changes in volume in different parts of the body
Term
What is the valsava manuever?
Definition
action of attempting to exhale w/ nostrils and mouth or glottis closed, increased pressure in mid ear and chest, as when bracing to lift heavy objects
Term
What is the general guideline of exercise in the healthy population of adults, ACCORDING TO ACSM...
Definition

Healthy adults age 18-65, moderate aerobic activity 30 min 5x a week

OR vigorous activity 20 min 3x a week

 

Muscular endurance & strength training

2x a week

 

 

Term
What does FITTE stand for?
Definition
  • F-FREQUENCY
  • I-INTENSITY
  • T-TIME
  • T-TYPE
  • E-ENJOYMENT
Term
What is the FITT for children and adolescents?
Definition

F-3-4x a week, daily

I- moderate & vigorous

T-30 min moderate & 30 min vigorous

T-Something they will ENJOY doing

 

**may safely participate in strength training with SUPERVISION performing only 8 to 15 reps**

Term
What is the FITT for elderly adults?
Definition

F-5x moderate OR 3x vigorous per week

I- Moderate RPE 5-6, Vigorous RPE-7-8

T-30-60min (may be broken up into 10min intervals)

T-usually walking or swimming

Term
What are SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS for the elderly population?
Definition
  • low intensity and duration for older adults w/chronic conditions, highly deconditioned or functionally limited
  • progression of activities must be individualized
  • weight training supervised
  • if they have a chronic disease it must be an activity that they can tolerate
  • incoporation of behavioral strategies
  • postive reinforcement
Term
What is exercise testing and participation based upon?
Definition

Risk category according to risk stratification.

Neccesity of medical clearance, necessity of exercise test, neccesity for physicans supervision when participating in exercise test

Term
What are some muscular strength tests? What are some muscular endurance tests?
Definition

Strength-1RM, estimate 1RM, handgrip dynamometry

Endurance-Push-up, Curl-up, YMCA Bench Press

Term
If you are going to adjust a portion of the FITT program which do you adjust first?
Definition
Time. Add 5 to 10 minutes on to every session for 2 weeks over 4 to 6 weeks.
Term

In order to improve muscular strength what range of reps and sets should one perform?

To improve muscular ENDURANCE what should one do?

Definition

Muscular strength-4 sets, 8 to 12 reps to FATIGUE NOT FAILURE!!

60-80% of 1RM

Muscular endurance-50% of 1RM

Term
What is the difference between ABSOLUTE and RELATIVE contraindications to exercise?
Definition

Absolute contranindication-should not perform until conditions are stabilized or adequately treated

 

Relative contraindicition-may be tested only after careful evaulation of risk to benefit ratio

Term
What is proper spotting technique?
Definition

Bench Press- Alternate grip on bar

 

Barbell squat-

Behind lifter with arms around upperchest and push torso to elbows

 

**DO NOT** spot at elbows during dumbbell lifts

**DO** spot at wrists during dumbbell lifts

Term
What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporsis?
Definition

Osteopenia refers to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis; Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis than men

 

 Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases the risk of unexpected fractures. Serious consequences can occur with some fractures

Term
What is the recommended intake of PRO for the average person? for endurance athletes? for strength athletes?
Definition

Avg. person 10-15% or .8g

Endurance 1.2-1.4g

Strength 1.6-1.7g

Term
What is the adequate intake (AI) for iron? Why are women more susceptible to iron defiency? What can result from iron deficiency?
Definition

Men 8-11mg/day

Women 8-18mg/day

 

Menstrual cycle causes women to lose more iron through menstratution.

 

Anemia can result from iron deficency.

Term
What is DHEA?
Definition

Dehydroepioandnosterone

Chromium

Creatine

Androstenedoine

Term
What does IDEA stand for?
Definition

I-Identify the problem

D-Develop a solution

E-Evaulate the solution

A-Anaylze how well the plan worked

Term
What are fibrous joints?
Definition

Suture-tight union unique to skull

Syndesomis-interosseous membrane between bone, the union alng the shafts of the radius, ulna, tibia and fibula

Gomphosis-unique joint at tooth socket

Term
What are cartilaginous joints?
Definition

Primary (synchondroses; hylaine cartilage)-usually temporary to permit bone growth and typically fus (epiphyseal plate); some do not (sternum and rib)

 

Secondary(symphyses;fibrocatilaginous)-strong, slightly movable joints (interverterbral discs, pubic symphysis)

Term
Name three synovial joints and an example of each.
Definition

plane (arthrodial)-gliding and sliding movements (ac joint)

hinge (ginglymus)-uniaxial movements (elbow, knee extension and flexion)

ellipspdial (condyloid)-biaxial joint (radiocarpal extension, flexion at wrist)

Term
Name three more synovival joints and an example of each.
Definition

Saddle (sellar)-unique joint that permits movement in all planes, including opposition (carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)

ball and socket-multiaxial joint the permit movements in all directions (hips and shoulder joints)

pivot (trochoidal)-uniaxial joints that permit rotation (proxmial humeroradial and altantoaxial joints)

Term
What are the 3 planes of the body?
Definition

1. sagitial-right and left

2. frontal (coronal)-anterior and posterior

3. transverse (axial/horiziontal)-

superior and inferior

Term

What do tendons do?

What do ligaments do?

Definition

Tendons anchor muscle to bone.

Ligaments attach bone to bone.

Term
What is malpractice?
Definition
A type of negligence comitted by professional; Improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment
Term

RISK STRATIFICATION!

CHADFPOS

Definition

C-Cigarette smoking, currently smokes or has quit within the previous 6 months, is exposed to enviormental tobacco

 

H-Hypertension-SBP > 140, DBP >90, on meds for bp & measured on 2 seprate occasions

 

A-Age Women ≥ 45

Men ≥55

 

D-Dyslipedemia- Total serum cholestrol is ≥ 200mg·dL-1

LDL ≥ 130 mg·dL-1

HDL ≤ 40mg ·dL-1

F-Family History- 1st degree male relative MI, CAD before age 55

1st degree female relative before age 65

Prediabetes-Fasting Blood Glucose over 100

Obesity-BMI > 30.0, Waist circumeference >102 cm men, >88cm women

Sedentary Lifestyle-30 MIN, 3X a week, 3 months

Negative risk factor HDL > 60

 

 

Term
What is impingement syndrome?
Definition
Muscular imbalance at shoulder exacebarated by external rotator cuff muscle weakness and highly trainer internal rotator cuff.
Term
What is the second most injured joint from overuse and repetition?
Definition
Elbow.
Term
What is newtons law of interia?
Definition
A body at rest will remain at rest unless changed by external force.
Term
What is newtons second law of acceleration?
Definition
linear acceleration is proportional to foce and inversely proportional to mass.
Term
What is newtons 3rd law of action-reaction?
Definition
Every force has an equal and opposite directed force.
Term
What is the sliding filament theory?
Definition
events that occur between the actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction and relaxtion, when nerve impulse is received, the cross bridges of myosin will put the actin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere and tension is created
Term
Explain what a muscular contraction is.
Definition
  • Muscle maintains a constant length as resistance is applied.
  • Force is sufficent to overcome resistance and muscle shortens.
  • contraction = concentric.
Term
What determines if a muscle is eccentric?
Definition
resistance is greater than force and muscle lengthens during contraction
Term
What are lower back problems associated with?
Definition
Poor flexibility of lower back, weak hamstring muscles and weak abs.
Term
Name 9 site skin fold measures and where exact measurements are taken.
Definition

1. Abdominal-vertical fold 2 cm to right of umbilicus

2. Tricep-posterior midline of upper arm, halfway between acromion and olecranon process w/ arm held by side

3. Biceps-anterior aspect of arm over the belly of the bicep muscle, 1 cm above triceps site

4. Chest/Pectoral-diagonal fold 1/2 the distance btw ant. axillary line (armpit) & nipple (men), 1/3 the distance btw ant. axillary line & nipple (women)

5. Medial Calf-vertical fold max. circumference of calf of midline of its medial border

6. Midaxillary-vertical fold mid axillary line at level of xiphoid process of the sternum

7. Subscap.-diagonal fold, 45º angle, 1-2 cm below inferior angle of scap.

8. Thigh-vertical on ant. midline of thigh, midway btw proximal border of patella, inginual crease

9. Suprailiac-diagonal fold, in line w/ natural angle of iliac crest taken in anterior exillary line immediately superior to iliac crest

Term
What are the signs of heat exhaustion?
Definition

a. cool, moist pale, ashen, or flushed skin

b. headache, nausea, dizziness

c. weakness, exhaustion

d. heavy sweating

e. body temp will be near normal

Term
What are the signs of heat stroke?
Definition

1. red, hot dry skin

2. rapid weak pulse, shallow breathing

3. changes in the level of consciousness

 4. vomiting

5. body temp will be very high as high as 105

Term
What effect does nictoine have on exercise?
Definition
may elevate HR,BP and respiratory response
Term
What is the difference between isotonic, isometric and isokinetic?
Definition
  1. Isotonic-same tension but length changes, either concetric shortening or eccentric lengthening, Ex. concetric- dumbbell curls, machine leg press, bench press, ex. eccentric-dumbbell curl then slowly lower curl
  2. Isometric-same length muscles don't shorten or legthen but remain contracted, Ex. wall squat, lying bridge hold, static lunge hold
  3. Isokinetic-same speed lifts, diffcult b/c you need special equipment for exercise
Term
What is the order of the intitial health screening of a client?
Definition
  • Prescreen (PAR-Q, Informed Consent, Risk stratifaction)
  • Resting HR, BP, BMI, IN., LBS., EKG
  • Body Comp-Waist circumeference, Skinfold
  • Cardio Testing-Submax YMCA cycle ergometer test, treadmill test
  • Musculuar Testing- Muscular Strength:1RM. bench press & leg press, Muscular endurance:push-up test, curl-up test
  • Flexibility testing-goniometer, sit-and-reach
Term
What are special considerations for training a pregnant woman?
Definition
 -Supine position should be avoided after 1st trimester
-low/mod intensity
-non-ballistic
-proper clothing and hydration to prevent overheating
Term
What are the 3 site measurement for skinfold of men and women?
Definition

Men-

chest, abdomen, thigh 

OR chest, triceps, subscap

 

Women-triceps, suprailiac, thigh

OR triceps, suprailiac, abdominal

Term
What is the difference between overweight and obese?
Definition

Overweight is increased body weight, in relation to height when compared to some standard of acceptable or desirable weight

 

Obesity is defined as having a very high amount of body fat in relation to overall lean body mass or having a bmi over 30.

Term
What is the female athlete triad?
Definition
Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation), osteoporsis, eating disorder
Term
What is the guideline to decrease or increase weight?
Definition
500-1000 cal daily to lose 1-2 lbs. per wk; same to increase
Term
What is the difference between physical activity and exercise?
Definition

Physical activity is bodily musculoskeletal movement leading to caloric expenditure.

 

Exercise is a movement done to improve one of the five componenets of physical fitness.

Term
What are the 5 components of physical fitness?
Definition

1. Body comp.

2. Cardio

3. Muscular Strength

4. Muscular Endurance

5. Flexibility

Term
What does RICE stand for?
Definition

 (RICES) rest (prevents further injury)

ice (reduces pain, swelling, and initiates inflammatory response)

compression (reduces swelling and bleeding)

elevation (controls edema and decreases blood flow)

stabilization (assists in muscle relaxation, diminishing spasm)

Term
When do you use ice and when do you use heat?
Definition

Ice-swelling and decreases blood flow

Heat-increases blood circulation and relaxes tight muscles

Term
What is the ideal calorie distrubition for athletes and physically active adults?
Definition

65% total cals from carbs or 6-10gm CHO/kg body weight

15% of total calories from protein or 1.2-1.7 gm PRO/kg body weight

20-35% of total cals

Term
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Definition
CHO, PRO, FAT, vitamins, minerals, water
Term
What percent body fat is considered increased risk for women and men?
Definition

Women-32%

Men-22%

Term
What is mitral valve prolapse?
Definition
heart problem resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
Term
What is circuit training?
Definition
Circuit training is a form of body conditioning training resistance training and high-intensity aerobics. It is designed to be easy to follow and target strength building as well as muscular endurance. An exercise "circuit" is one completion of all prescribed exercises in the program. When one circuit is complete, one begins the first exercise again for another circuit. Traditionally, the time between exercises in circuit training is short, often with rapid movement to the next exercise.
Term
What is interval training?
Definition
Interval training is built upon alternating short, high intensity bursts of speed with slower, recovery phases throughout a single workout. The interval workouts can be highly sophisticated and structured training that is designed for an athlete based upon his or her sport, event and current level of conditioning. An interval training workout may even be designed based upon the results of anaerobic threshold testing (AT) that includes measuring the blood-lactate of an athlete during intense exercise.
Term

What does an AED do &

 when should it be used?

Definition
An AED identifies the heart rhytm and advises whether or not a shock is needed. It will only detect venticular tachycardio and ventricular fibrilliation. Someone who is having a heart attack needs an AED bc the heart goes into vent. fibrilliation and it can't pump blood. The AED will send an electric current to the heart muscle momentarily stunning the heart activity giving it a chance to beat normally.
Term

Flexion and extension?

Abduction and adduction?

Horiziontal abduction?

Horiziontal adduction?

Definition

Flexion- movement resulting in a decrease of the joint angle, usually moving anteriorly in sagitial plane

Extension: movement resulting in an increase of the joint angle, usually moving posterior in sagitial plane

[image]

Abduction:movement away from the midline of body, frontal plane

Adduction: movement towards midline of body, frontal plane

[image]

Horiziontal abduction: movement away from midline of body in transverse plane, horiziontal humerus movement when shoulder is flexed at 90°

Horiziontal adduction:movement toward midline of body, transverse plane, horiziontal humerus movements shoulder flexed at 90º

[image]

Term

Internal rotation?

External rotation?

Lateral flexion?

Rotation?

Definition

Internal rotation-rotation in the transverse plane toward midline of body

External rotation-rotation in transverse plane away from midline of body

[image]

lateral flexion-movement away from midline of body in frontal planem used to describe neck and trunk movement

[image]

rotation-right or left rotation in the transverse plane, used to describe neck and trunk movement

[image]

Term

Elevation? Depression?

Retraction? Protraction?

Definition

Elevation-movement of scap. superiorly in frontal plane

Depression-movement of scap. inferiorly in frontal plane

[image]

Retraction-movement of scap. toward spine in the transverse plane

Protraction-movement of the scapula away from spine in the transverse plane

 

[image]

Term

Upward rotation? Downward rotation?

Circumduction? Opposition?

Definition

Upward rot.-superior & lateral movment of inferior angle of scap in frontal plane

Downward rot.-inferior & medial movement of the inferior angle of scap in frontal plane

[image]

Circumduction-circular mov. involving flex., ext., abd., add., circumscribing a cone shape

[image]

Opposition-diagonal mov. of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with fifth digit

[image]

Term

Radial deviation? Ulnar deviation?

Eversion? Inversion?

Definition

Radial deviation-abduction of wrist in frontal plane

Ulnar deviation-adduction of the wrist in frontal plane

[image]

Eversion-abducting the ankle

Inversion-adducting the ankle

[image]

Inversion

 

[image]

Term

Dorsiflexion? Plantar flexion?

Pronation? Supination?

Definition

Dorsiflexion-flexing the ankle so that the foot moves anteriorly in sagitial plane

Plantarflexion-extending the ankle so that the foot moves posteriorly in sagitial plane

[image]

Pronation-combined movements of abduction and eversion resulting in lowering of medial margin of foot

Supination-combined movements of adduction and inversion resulting in raising of medial margin of foot

[image]

Term
What is an agonist muscle? What is an antagonist muscle? What is a synergist muscle? Stabilizer?
Definition

Agonist-prime mover, muscle or group of muscles responsible for action of movement

 Antagonist-opposing group of muscles, relax to permit primary movement and contract act as a barke in completion of

movement

Synergist-prevent unwanted movement, which helps prime movers perform more efficently

 Stabilizer-muscle stabilize a portion of body against force

 

Term
Muscle Man.
Definition
Muscles [image]
Term
Muscle Man back view.
Definition
Muscle man back view. [image]
Term
Bones.
Definition
[image]
Term

What is center of gravity?

What is base of support?

Definition

An object's center of gravity is a theoretical point where the weight force of the object can be considered to act. Center of gravity changes with movement & depends on position of body.

Base of support where center of gravity is shifted over when there is a transition in body alignment.

Term
What is balance and stability?
Definition
balance is the ability to maitain a position for a given period of time without moving. Working on client's core muscles will enhance their ability to maintain the balance & stability needed for their support.
Term
What are plyometrics? How does a trainer design a program using plyometrics?
Definition
Plyometric exercises are exercise that engage the body in jumping movements or motions (skipping, tampoline, jumprope). The pt must safely design a plyometric-based training program that will enhance the client's sports performance, the client's goals, needs, and preferences. This method is SPORTS SPECIFIC! Requires client to be well conditioned.
Term
What helps define proper body alignment and posture?
Definition
The line of gravity, using various superficial landmarks from hear, upper extermity, trunk and lower extermity regions as guides.
Term
What are the physiological and psychological signs of overtraining?
Definition

Altered resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure and respiration patterns
•Decreased body fat and post-exercise body weight
•Increased VO2, VE , and HR during submaximal work
•Decreased lactate response
•Increased basal metabolic rate
•Chronic fatigue
•Sleep and eating disorders
•Menstrual disruptions
•Headaches, gastrointestinal distress
•Muscle soreness and damage
•Joint aches and pains

 

&

 

•Depression and apathy
•Decreased self-esteem
•Decreased ability to concentrate
•Decreased self-efficacy
•Sensitive to stress

Term

What is muscular atrophy?

What is muscular hyperplasia?

Definition
  1. wasting away of muscle or a muscle because of reduction in cross sectional area of muscle fibers; may be due to disease of the muscle or its nerve supply, or to disuse or nutritional inadequacy. See also hereditary spinal muscular atrophy (below).
  2. an increase in the size of a muscle mass due to an increase in the number of muscle cells
Term
What is the criteria for terminating an exercise test?
Definition
  • signs of cardaic pain
  • dizziness, chest pain, turning pale, lack of sweating
  • BP increase in diastolic (drop of more 20mm) and decrease in systolic
  • temp. increase or decrease
  • edema
  • shortness of breath/rasping not from exercise
Term
What is lean body mass?
Definition
Lean body mass is an accumulation of everything in the body except fat. This includes muscles, bones, organs, skin and functional elements such as water and cells. High amounts of lean body mass affect the body's ability to control weight, absorb protein and function on a daily basis

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/124194-define-lean-body-mass/#ixzz28w417wYU
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