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ACSM Certification Review Chapter 7
Chapter 7
70
Physiology
Graduate
04/13/2010

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Every clinical testing and exercise program must have a(n) _________ _______ ______ to respond to injuries and medical emergencies.
Definition
Emergency response system
Term
At higher intensities, the potential exists for either ______ or an _________ _________ that requires an appropriate and timely response.
Definition
injury, emergency situation
Term
The exercise professional must create as safe an environment as possible by: (4)
Definition
1) Understanding the risks.
2) Being able to implement preventive measures
3) Having knowledge regarding the appropriate care of injuries.
4) Creating, practicing, and implementing emergency plans in the event of a medical emergency.
Term
What are five potential sources of risk?
Definition
1) Exercise equipment
2) Environment
3) Staff
4) Medical History
5) Individual factors
Term
What are the six individual factors that are potential sources of risk?
Definition
1) Age
2) Extent of exercise or athletic experience.
3) Medical history.
4) Lack of experience and familiarity with equipment.
5) Lack of knowledge about proper principles of exercise.
6) Poor body alignment or execution.
Term
What are five things that staff should understand in a group exercise setting?
Definition
1) Spacing
2) Temperature and humidity of the space.
3) Fitness level and special needs of participants
4) Proper flooring to match group activity.
5) Appropriate warmup, cool-down, exercise progression, and sequencing.
Term
What categories are there for possible medical complications of exercise? (10)
Definition
1) Cardiovascular Complications
2) Metabolic Complications
3) Thermal Complications
4) Pulmonary Complications
5) Gastrointestinal Complications
6) Endocrine Complications
7) Neurologic Complications
8) Musculoskeletal Complications
9) Overuse Complications
10) Traumatic Injuries.
Term
What are specific areas of safety in the facility?
Definition
a) Building Design
b) Physical plant.
c) Fixtures.
d) Furniture.
e) Equiptment
f) Program Design
g) Staff training.
Term
What's the deal with Signage in Fitness Facilities?
Definition
p. 133 read it for yourself.
Term
Managers and staff must ____ _ ________ __ ____ ___ ______ in developing and operating facilities and equipment by _______ ______ _______ ______ __________.
Definition
meet a standard of care for safety, looking beyond obvious safety parameters
Term
What must be controlled because of physiologic response to exercise performance and health?
Definition
Environmental factors like temperature, humidit, and altitude.
Term
What strategies are mentioned to alleviate heat stress?
Definition
Wear light colored clothing.
Reschedule exercise for a cooler time of day or indoors.
Reduce intensity and add rest breaks.
Term
True or false. It is bad to eat a high-carb diet to reduce symptoms associated with high-altitude sickness.
Definition
False.
Term
Test and Inspect the equipment before purchase and use.
Definition
n/m
Term
What other safety considerations are mentioned for equipment? (4)
Definition
Electrical plugs should be secured and grounded.
Treadmills should have emergency cutoff switches.
Safety instructions should be mounted on all equipment.
Machines should restrict joint movements beyond normal ROM.
Term
What should the basis be for locker room and reception furniture selection?
Definition
Ergonomics, durability, ability to disinfect and clean, and safety.
Term
Proper surfaces must be provided to prevent _____ ___ _____.
Definition
slips and falls.
Term
What should maintenance of surfaces include?
Definition
1) Proper cleaning and disinfecting.
2) Removal of oil and dust.
3) Inspection for cracks, holes, exposed seams, and warping.
Term
Supplies and small equipment ____ __ __ ______ _______ _____ ___ __________.
Definition
must be in proper working order and calibrated.
Term
What five things should be included in routine and required maintenance repairs?
Definition
Help to ensure that everything functions safely.
Increase the life of the equipment
Reduce the risk of a mechanical problem.
Have a routine maintenance schedule.
Have a proper procedure for reporting problems which includes documentation, repair history, and resolution.
Term
Solutions and materials must be ____ for the skin and ______________.
Definition
safe, hypoallergenic.
Term
MSDS
Definition
Material Safety Data Sheets
Term
What are causes to injury from machine and/or free weights?
Definition
Amount of weight used, improper alignment, improper technique, fatigue, and improper behavior.
Term
What are six methods to increase safety when lifting weights?
Definition
1) Spotting 2) Buddy System 3) Speed of Movement 4) ROM 5) Replacing weights 6) Placement of equipment. 7) Equipment inspection and routine maintenance.
Term
what equipment should be readily available in case of emergency?
Definition
Sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, mask, mouth guard, and gloves for CPR, first-aid kit, and an automated external defibrillator. Also, phone, Back board and neck board.
Term
What should you do when you call the EMS?
Definition
a) Identify yourself, location, specific point of entry, and the phone #
b) Provide an explanation of the problem.
c) Obtain medical history, medical info, and emergency contact info.
d) Provide vital signs and state of consciousness.
e) explain treatment actions taken and their results.
Term
How often should staff practice emergency medical procedures?
Definition
Quarterly.
Term
What should happen to ensure participant/patient safety?
Definition
Monitor signs of fatigue and distress (cardiac or pulmonary distress, and then less severe manifestations). Look for indications for stopping an exercise session.
Term
What are indications for stopping an exercise session? (7)
Definition
Signs of confusion or inability to concentrate, dizziness, convulsions, physical injury, nausea, physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue, the patient requests to stop.
Term
What four OSHA standards would maximize exercise staff safety?
Definition
Wash hands thoroughly before working with a patient.
Wear gloves, goggles, and other protective clothing when necessary
Keep cords out of the path of everybody involved.
Keep long hair and loose clothing from catching on the equipment.
Term
What 9 things do appropriate safety plans include?
Definition
1) Fire 2) Power Failure 3) Flood 4) Earthquake 5) Tornado 6) Bomb Threat 7) Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazardous Waste 8) Staff Certification in First Aid, CPT, AED, and ACLS, 9) Posted information.
Term
What should be included in fire safety plans?
Definition
Proper evacuation and contacting authorities, inspection of fire extinguishers, and procedures to use fire extinguishers.
Term
What should be included in flood safety plans?
Definition
Procedures to reduce the risk of flooding in areas such as the pool, shower, and whirlpool, and procedures for clean-up and salvage.
Term
What should be included in earthquake safety plans?
Definition
Procedures for evacuation and safety of equipment and people.
Term
What should be included in a tornado safety plan?
Definition
same as earthquake.
Term
What must be included in a safety plan regarding Bloodbourne Pathogens and Hazardous Waste.
Definition
1) OSHA has specific standards that must be posted.
2) All staff must be familiar with and trained in these procedures.
3) Proper disposal of "contaminated" items can be obtained from a local health department.
4) Biohazard bags should be readily available.
Term
______ ______ __ ________. This includes _______ ________ and procedures, _____, patient and client ______, as well as the ________ ___ _____ of exercise programs. Such documents offer important __________ _______ _________ ___ __________ for both facilities and staff.
Definition
Events should be recorded, written policies, rules, rights, benefits and risks, protection against liability and negligence.
Term
What do participant agreements define in an exercise program?
Definition
The risks and rewards, type, and who shares the risk and responsibility.
Term
What does informed consent provide?
Definition
1) Potential benefits and risks.
2) Purpose of the test or exercise program.
3) Participant responsibilities.
4) Opportunity for the participant to ask questions.
Term
What should incident reports include? (4)
Definition
1. Detailed documentation of the entire incident with factual info.
2. Names and contact info of participants and witnesses.
3. All actions by staff to resolve the problem.
4. Any follow-up action required or taken.
Term
True or false, an emergency plan is mandatory in all testing and exercise areas.
Definition
True.
Term
What zix things must the emergency plan specify?
Definition
1) Each staff member's responsibilities.
2) Methods to activate the emergency procedures.
3) Required equipment.
4) Contacts for emergency response.
5) A map of emergency exits, emergency equipment locations, phones, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers.
6) Step-by-step actions to take.
7)
Term
True or false, all emergency incidents must be documented with dates, times, actions, people involved, and outcomes.
Definition
True.
Term
What is the staff role during an emergency?
Definition
Control the situation, maintain order and calm, activate the EMS if necessary, and assure that proper documentation, follow-up, and review of the event occur.
Term
Review Staff Training on page 140.
Definition
n/m.
Term
What information should a trainer communicate to an EMS person.
Definition
1) Patient's location
2) Patient's status.
3) Symptoms and actions that led to the emergency.
4) Actions of the exercise staff in caring for the patient.
Term
Review "Communicating with a Physician, contacting the patient's family physician, and contacting the patient's family or emergency medical contact.
Definition
n/m
Term
What should initial monitoring include? (7)
Definition
1) HR
2) Heart Rhythm
3) BP
4) Respiration
5) Oxygen Saturation
6) Physical signs of complication
7) Blood glucose level in patients with diabetes.
Term
What physical signs of complications should be observed in initial monitoring of a medical emergency?
Definition
Loss of balance, convulsion or seizure, shivering, cold clammy skin, expression of pain.
Term
What purposes do follow-up actions serve after emergency incidents?
Definition
It clarifies the patient's current medical status, it provides more info regarding consequences of the staff's actions, it allows the staff to finalize the incident report.
Term
What purposes do follow-up actions serve after emergency incidents?
Definition
It clarifies the patient's current medical status, it provides more info regarding consequences of the staff's actions, it allows the staff to finalize the incident report.
Term
What should documentation of an emergency event include? (5)
Definition
Time line of events. Names and contact info of all people involved including witnesses. Actions take by the staff to resolve the emergency situation. All communications with medical personnel, family, and other staff. Follow up actions.
Term
______________ _______ may reduce the risk of injury.
Definition
Musculoskeletal fitness.
Term
___________ ______ may help to prevent many chronic medical conditions.
Definition
Physiologic fitness
Term
True or false, hydration is always appropriately driven by thirst.
Definition
False.
Term
What is involved in identifying an individual's contraindications to exercise testing and training? (4)
Definition
1) Reviewing the medical history.
2) Assessing cardiac risk.
3) Evaluating physical examination findings.
4) Evaluating laboratory test results.
Term
After indentifying contraindications, who should not undergo exercise testing or training?
Definition
Persons with absolute contraindications.
Term
What should happen with a person with relative contraindications to exercise?
Definition
They can undergo exercise testing and training only after careful analysis by a physician of his or her risk to benefit ration.
Term
What kinds of risk factors are there for musculoskeletal injuries?
Definition
Extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, and high-risk stretches.
Term
What are the objectives for care of musculoskeletal injuries?
Definition
decrease pain, reduce swelling, and prevent further injury and loss of function.
Term
What does the acronym RICES mean?
Definition
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, and Stabilization.
Term
How can the objectives of care for musculoskeletal injuries be met?
Definition
RICES, Heat, Splints or Casts, Medications, Care of Low Back Injury, Ergonomics.
Term
What are other medical emergencies typical to a gym environment? (14)
Definition
1. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
2. Fainting
3. Simple and Compound Fractures.
4. Seizure
5. Bleeding
6. Sudden Cardiac Arrest
7. Myocardial Infarction
8. Hyperglycemia
9. Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
10. Internal Cardiac Defibrillator Discharge
11. Serious Arrhythmias
12. Hypoglycemia
13. Bronchospasm
14. Hypotension and Shock.
Term
How often do people suffer sudden cardiac arrest in clinical exercise tests?
Definition
.4 in 10,000
Term
What should be checked if someone is experiencing sudden cardiac arrest?
Definition
If the patient is breathing and has a pulse, or not.
Term
What should you do if a patient who has suffered sudden cardiac arrest is not breathing or doesn't have a pulse?
Definition
Call EMS, and perform CPR
Term
What serious arrhythmias are considered to be serious enough to require emergency attention?
Definition
1) Ventricular fibrillation
2) Ventricular tachycardia
3) Atrial Fibrillation
4) Supraventricular tachycardia
5) Severe or symptomatic bradycardia.
Term
Be sure to study the 14 other medical emergencies.
Definition
n/m
Term
What are the four common category 1 medications administered in medical emergencies?
Definition
Epinephrine, Lidocaine or amiodarone, oxygen, and atropine.
Term
What is atropine used for?
Definition
bradyarrhythmias
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