Term
| What are three purposes for health appraisal? |
|
Definition
| Safety, Risk Factor Identification, and Exercise Prescription and Programmin. |
|
|
Term
| What areas of the patients health history do you pursue when appraising their health. (4) |
|
Definition
1) Present history
2) Past history
3) Family history
4) Health Screening Questionairre. |
|
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Term
| What are some examples of health history? (5) |
|
Definition
1) Known disease or symptoms of disease.
2) Activity level.
3) Dietary behaviors.
4) Smoking and tobacco use.
5) Medication use. |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of past history? (5) |
|
Definition
| Cardiorespiratory problems, orthopedic problems, recent illnesses or hospitalizations, excercise history, work history. |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of family history? (2) |
|
Definition
| Onset of heart disease in first-degree relative before age 55 (men) or 65 (women). |
|
|
Term
| What Health Screening Questionnaires are used by ACSM? |
|
Definition
| PAR-Q, AHA/ACSM Health Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire. |
|
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Term
| What are typical physical assessment and laboratory tests? |
|
Definition
| Resting Heart Rate, Resting Blood Pressure, Lung Capacity, Blood Tests |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal resting heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are different types of lung capacity? |
|
Definition
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Capacity at 1 second (FEV1), Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) |
|
|
Term
| What is Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)? |
|
Definition
| It is the volume of air expired following a maximal inspiration. |
|
|
Term
| What is Forced Expiratory Capacity at 1 second? (FEV1) |
|
Definition
| It is the proportion of the FVC expired in 1 second, and it measures the degree of airway restriction. |
|
|
Term
| What is Maximal Voluntary Ventilation? (MVV) |
|
Definition
| It is the maximal volume of airflow per minute possible, and it represents the mechanical limit of pulmonary function. |
|
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Term
| What are the differences between LDL and HDL cholesterol? |
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Definition
| LDL tends to deposit cholesterol on arterial walls, which accelerates artherosclerosis. HDL removes cholesterol from cell walls, and reverses the progression of artherosclerosis. LDL is bad, HDL is good. |
|
|
Term
| What is a useful index of dyslipidemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of blood glucose level without the influence of a meal. |
|
|
Term
| Didn't ask questions about Homocysteine and C-reactive protein. Can be found on page 105. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of absolute contraindications to exercise testing? (9) |
|
Definition
1. A significant change in resting ECG.
2. Unstable angina
3. Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias
4. Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis.
5. Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure.
6. Acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction.
7. Acute myocarditis or pericarditis.
8. Suspected or known dissecting aneurysm.
9. Acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands. |
|
|
Term
| What are relative contraindications to exercise testing? (12) |
|
Definition
1) Left main coronary stenosis.
2) Moderate stenotic valvular heart disease.
3) Electrolyte abnormalities.
4) Severe arterial hypertension.
5) Tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia.
6. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other forms of outflow tract obstruction.
7) Neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or rheumatoid disorders that are exacerbated by exercise.
8) High-degree atrioventricular block.
9) Ventricular aneurysm
10) Uncontrolled metabolic disease.
11) Chronic infectious disease.
12) Mental or physical impairment leading to inability to exercise adequately. |
|
|
Term
| Did not include notes on risk stratification because I know plenty about the subject. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the limitations to informed consent forms? |
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Definition
It does not provide legal immunity in the event of an injury, although it does provide evidence that the patient was made aware of risks.
Negligence, improper test administration, inadequate personnel qualifications, and insufficient safety procedures are not coverd. |
|
|
Term
| What should be in the content of informed consent forms? (10) |
|
Definition
1) Purpose
2) Procedures
3) Potential risks and discomforts
4) Expected benefits
5) Responsibilities of the participant.
6) Provision of an opportunity to ask questions
7) Confidentiality of results.
8) Right of the participant to refuse or withdraw from any of the activities.
9) Signatures.
10) Dates of signatures. |
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Term
| What should the order of activities be when the informed consent document is signed? |
|
Definition
1) Private quiet reading of the document.
2) Private verbal explanation of the contents with an opportunity to ask questions.
3) Signing and dating the document.
4) Presentation of a signed copy of the document. |
|
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Term
| What are general instructions given to a patient during an exercise test? (4) |
|
Definition
1. Avoid eating, smoking, or consuming alcohol or caffeine within 3 hours of testing.
2. Avoid exercise the day of the test.
3. Get adequate sleep the night before the test.
4. Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the purposes of fitness testing? |
|
Definition
1. Education
2. Exercise prescription
3. Progress evaluation
4. Motivation
5. Risk Stratification. |
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of death during or immediately after an exercise test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of heart attack during or immediately after an exercise test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of a complication requiring hospitalization during or immediately after an exercise test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What exercise test has no reported deaths or myocardial infarctions when administered properly? |
|
Definition
| The submaximal cycle ergometer test. |
|
|
Term
| What should be assessed on the site to ensure safety? |
|
Definition
1) emergency plans.
2) room layout. |
|
|
Term
| What should be assessed with the equipment to ensure safety? |
|
Definition
| Maintenance, Positioning, Cleanliness |
|
|
Term
| What should be assessed with the personnel to ensure safety? |
|
Definition
| Certifications, and training. |
|
|
Term
| What should the test order be? |
|
Definition
1) Resting measurements.
2) Body composition
3) Cardiorespiratory Fitness
4) Muscular Fitness
5) Flexibility |
|
|
Term
| What are the criteria for test termination? |
|
Definition
1) Attainment of Desired Performance.
2) Signs or symptoms consistent with guidelines for test cessation.
3) Abnormal exercise responses
4) Equipment failure
5) Patient asks to stop. |
|
|
Term
| What norms should the results of a fitness test be compared to? |
|
Definition
1) Norms appropriate to the test administered
2) Appropriate to the age, gender, and history of the patient. |
|
|
Term
| What are types of body composition assessments? |
|
Definition
1) Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing.
2) Skinfold measurements.
3) Anthropometry
4) Waist-to-Hip Ratio
5) BMI
6) Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
7) Near-Infrared Interactance
8) Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry |
|
|
Term
| How is body density determined during hydrostatic weighing? |
|
Definition
| Body Density = (weight in air - weight in water)/density of water - residual volume) |
|
|
Term
| How can one commit errors during hydrostatic weighing. |
|
Definition
1) Inaccurate measurement or estimation of lung residual volume.
2) The great variability in bone density among individuals.
3) Error is approximately 2-3% when procedures are performed correctly. |
|
|
Term
| How can one commit errors when using skin-fold measuring? |
|
Definition
1) Inaccurate calipers.
2) Poor technique
3) The patient does not fit norms for standard equations.
4) Improper site identification
5) Error is approximately 4% when performed correctly. |
|
|
Term
| What is the theoretical basis of anthropometry? |
|
Definition
| Measurements of height, weight, and girths provide information about the relative distribution of body mass compared with "standard" distributions. |
|
|
Term
| What is the theoretical basis of anthropometry? |
|
Definition
| Measurements of height, weight, and girths provide information about the relative distribution of body mass compared with "standard" distributions. |
|
|
Term
| What are measurement errors associated with anthropometry? |
|
Definition
1) Inaccurate stance for assessing height.
2) Unfamiliarity with the use of balance scales.
3) Incorrect location of circumference site.
4) Incorrect placement of the tape measure around the body segment to be measured.
5) Inappropriate tension in the use of the tape measure.
6) Approximately 3-8% error. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis? |
|
Definition
| It is a procedure were four electrodes are placed on the individual's skin (typically two on the right hand and two on the right foot), and a high-frequency, low-level excitation current is sent through the body. Fat-free tissue is a good conductor of electricity, and fatty tissue is not. So, results will differ based on body fat %. |
|
|
Term
| What are measurement errors associated with Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis? |
|
Definition
1) Inappropriate skin prep.
2) Inaccurate electrode placement.
3) Lack of adherence to pretest diet or exercise recommendations.
4) Use of inappropriate prediction equation.
5) Inadequate hydration.
6) Body temperature.
7) Approximately 4-7% error when performed correctly. |
|
|
Term
| No questions for near-infrared interactance or Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. p.112 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the purposes of cardiorespiratory fitness tests? |
|
Definition
1) to measure variables such as HR, BP, and VO2 during exercise.
2) to collect baseline and follow-up information for charting a patient's fitness program progress. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sites for measuring heart rate? |
|
Definition
| 1) Radial artery, 2) Cartoid artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basically, it is putting a stethoscope over the left aspect of the midsternum. |
|
|
Term
| What are different ways to measure HR? |
|
Definition
| Palpation, Auscultation, Electronic Monitoring. |
|
|
Term
| What are the different forms of Electronic monitoring for HR determination? |
|
Definition
1) Radio frequency transmitters.
2) Pulsate blood flow monitors. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways to measure BP? |
|
Definition
| Sphygmomanometer, stethoscope. |
|
|
Term
| What important components would a stethoscope need to measure BP? |
|
Definition
| 1) A diaphragm to focus sound waves. 2) Earpieces to direct the sound waves. |
|
|
Term
| What measurements should be taken during exercise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is it practical take take measurements during graded exercise tests with 3 minute stages? |
|
Definition
1) Minute 2:00 - HR
2) Minute 2:15 - RPE
3) Minute 2:30 - BP
4) Minute 3:00 - HR |
|
|
Term
| How is work rate determined on a cycle ergometer? |
|
Definition
| 1) resistance. 2) Distance per revolution. 3) Revolutions Pedaled Per Minute (RPM) |
|
|
Term
| Nothing about Treadmill Calibration on p. 113. Seems pretty simple. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skipped to p. 117 protocol for testing the elderly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age-related changes in cardiovascular and physiological variables must be taken into account? (12) |
|
Definition
a) Maximal heart rate
b) Maximal cardiac output.
c) Maximal oxygen uptake.
d) Resting and exercise blood pressure
e) Residual volume.
f) Vital capacity.
g) Reaction time
h) Muscular strength.
i) Bone mass.
j) flexibility
k) Glucose tolerance
l) Body fat percentage |
|
|
Term
| True or false: variations in physiologic status in elderly persons because of differing levels of activity also need to be considered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of field tests are mentioned for exercise testing. |
|
Definition
1) Cooper 12-minute test.
2) 1.5 mile test
3) 6 minute walk test.
4) Rockport One-Mile Fitness Walking Test |
|
|
Term
| What are nuclear and radionuclide imaging? |
|
Definition
| They are exercise tests in which radioactive substances are injected into the bloodstream to visualize aspects of the circulatory system. |
|
|
Term
| What is perfusion imagining? |
|
Definition
| During the last minute of a standard stress test, thallium-201 is injected into the bloodstream. Thallium enters myocardial cells and emits energy detectable with a scintillation counter. Images can be constructed immediately following a stress test and 4-24 hours later. Areas with little or no perfusion indicate areas of ischemia. |
|
|
Term
| What is ventriculography? |
|
Definition
1. radiography of the cerebral ventricles after introduction of air or other contrast medium.
2. radiography of a ventricle of the heart after injection of a contrast medium. |
|
|
Term
| What is exercise echocardiography? |
|
Definition
| It is a technique that uses ECG monitoring to identify the cardiac cycle,along with high frequency sound waves to evaluate cardiac wall motion and pump function. |
|
|
Term
| What are two common tests that are used that do not involve exercise, but rather use drug-induced changes in cardiovascular work? |
|
Definition
| Dipridamole (Persantine) Perfusion Imaging, and Dobutamine Testing. |
|
|
Term
| What is Hotler ECG Monitoring? |
|
Definition
| It is a test used to track ECG abnormalities during the course of a day. |
|
|
Term
| What are three purposes of muscular strength assessment? |
|
Definition
To determine maximal strength to create a prudent strength training program.
To monitor progress and revise the strength training program.
To determine physical strength for performing standardized work tasks. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four resistance training methods? |
|
Definition
1) Isotonic (free-weight) training.
2) Isokinetic training
3) Variable-resistance training
4) Isometric (static) training
Look up examples of each kind of training. |
|
|
Term
| What are three strength testing devices mentioned in the book? |
|
Definition
1) Cable tensiometer.
2) Dynamometer
3) Strain Gauge |
|
|
Term
| What is a cable tensiometer and what are advantages and disadvantages to its use? |
|
Definition
| It measures static strength by measuring force exerted while pulling on a steel cable. Advantage: It can assess strength for almost all major muscle groups. Disadvantage: Strength is assessed statically, so results may not apply to dynamic movements. |
|
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Term
| What is a dynamometer and what are advantages and disadvantages to its use? |
|
Definition
| It is a more portable static strength-testing device that generally tests leg, back, and forearm strength. Advantages: Portable, less cumbersome, people can be tested quickly. Disadvantage: Only a limited # of muscle groups can be tested. |
|
|
Term
| Generally, how many trials are needed to determine 1 rep max? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| I know plenty about 1RM so I skipped the rest of that section. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of muscular endurance assessment. |
|
Definition
| Static Endurance and Dynamic Endurance |
|
|
Term
| What are types of dynamic endurance? |
|
Definition
1) Maximal reps completed at a set percentage of 1-RM.
2) Isokinetic endurance.
3) Calisthenic tests (sit-ups, push-ups, and pull-ups are examples). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to move the joint without incurring pain. |
|
|
Term
| Why do a flexibility assessment? |
|
Definition
| Inadequate flexibility is associated with decreased performance of activities of independent living. Also, Flexibility can decrease quickly with chronic disuse and increase with exercise intervention. |
|
|
Term
| What can be assessed during a flexibility assessment? |
|
Definition
| Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, supination, pronation, or deviation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| http://www.amazon.com/12-8-PROTRACTOR-GONIOMETER-SET/dp/B000MZRQXC |
|
|
Term
| What can a tape measure accurately measure when it comes to human flexibility? |
|
Definition
| lateral trunk flexion, lumbar flexion, as well as changes in ROM in the carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary reason why predischarge testing following myocardial infarction is done? |
|
Definition
| To evaluate the client's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary reason for postdischarge exercise testing following mycardial infarction? |
|
Definition
| It is done to demonstrate the degree of improvement since discharge. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Bruce protocol in treadmill exercise testing? |
|
Definition
| a process where work rate is increased in 3-MET increments in 3-minute stages by gradually increasing both the grade and speed of the treadmill. |
|
|
Term
| what is the modified Bruce protocol in treadmill exercise testing? |
|
Definition
| Only the grade is increased while the speed remains at 1.7mph. |
|
|
Term
| What is the ramp protocol in treadmill exercise testing? |
|
Definition
| It uses both grade and speed increases, but at a slower pace than in the Bruce protocol. |
|
|
Term
| What are advantages to the cylce ergometer over the treadmill tests? |
|
Definition
It keeps the upper body stable ensuring more accurate ECG and BP measurements.
2) It supports the individual's body weight, making it more appropriate for those with poor balance.
3) It allows work rate to be set more precisely |
|
|
Term
| What is measured and monitored during treadmill and cycle exercise tests? |
|
Definition
| Heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, clinical signs (change in gait, skin color, or responsiveness), RPE, and perceptual scales. |
|
|
Term
| What are prognostic implications of exercise testing based on? |
|
Definition
| Sensitivity, and Specificity. |
|
|
Term
| What is preferred when assessing children for an exercise test? A treadmill, or a cycle ergometer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What modifications need to be made to the treadmill test for children? |
|
Definition
| Keep the speed constant, adjusting only the grade. |
|
|
Term
| What modifications need to be made on the cycle ergometer tests when testing children? |
|
Definition
| Modifications to the handlebars, seat post, and pedal crank arms, which are often required to fit their smaller anatomy. |
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