Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory disease that affects the heart joints, CNS, and sub q tissue that can lead to mitral valve damage |
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Term
| What microorganism causes rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
| Group A beta-hemolytic strep; Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
| What happens with rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
Strept throat, 2 weeks later an auto immune reaction occurs
Symptoms:
Chorea (jerking), Pericarditis, Migratory polyarthritis, sub q nodules, scarlet fever rash (erythema marginatum), fever, history of sore throat, macular rash |
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Term
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Definition
1. Antibiotics (IM or oral penicillin) depending on throat culture, 2. Aspirin for carditis & to prevent stroke
3. Steroids (inflammation)
4. Bed rest
5. monitor temperature |
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Term
| Why is bed rest important for someone with rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
| If the heart valve is inflamed it is important to avoid activity |
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Term
| When will someone who previously had rheumatic fever need antibiotics prophylaxis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diagnostic test is used for rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
1. Throat control
2. ASO titer
3. C reactive proteins
4. Sedimentation rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Rising titer shows anti-bodies increasing; positive result for rheumatic fever |
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Term
| What is infective endocarditis? |
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Definition
| SBE (sub acute endocarditis); infection of valve or lining of the heart that usually occurs when a child has congenital heart disease |
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Term
| What are risk factors for infective endocarditis? |
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Definition
1. Congenital heart defect
2. rheumatic heart disease
3. Central venous catheters |
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Term
| What do the microorganisms do to the valves of the heart with endocarditis? |
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Definition
| They create vegetative growths on the valves that can break off and create emboli. Can be seen with an echocardiogram |
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Term
| What microorganisms are responsible for endocarditis? |
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Definition
| Cadida albicans, strep, staph aureaus |
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Term
| What are symptoms of endocarditis? |
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Definition
| Muscle aches, malaise, fever, weight loss, new or changing murmur, hematuria, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails, spleen enlarges, increase in: WBC, sedimentation rate |
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Term
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Definition
IV antibiotics; antifungals (depending on source) 2-8 weeks
Monitor signs of CHF
Prophylaxis antibiotics before surgery or dental work |
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Term
| What is Kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
AKA Mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome
Acute systemic vasculitis |
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Term
| What do we know about kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
Leading cause of heart disease in children
Cause is unknown
80% of children <5 yrs old
Peak in toddlerhood
Heart weakens heart and blood vessels without treatment and can rupture leading to death (Aneurysm) |
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Term
| What is the first phase of Kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
Acute phase: High fever unresponsive to medication (tylenol/ibuprofen)
lasts for 5 days |
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Term
| What symptoms are indicative to Kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
Must have 4 of the following:
1. Conjunctival hyperemia (red swollen eyes no drainage)
2. Red palms & soles
3. Red dry cracked lips, Strawberry tongue, or red mucosa
4. Swollen lymph nodes
5. Diffuse Non blistering red rash on trunk |
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Term
| What is the second phase of Kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
Sub acute stage: fever ends, symptoms begin to subside, most risk for coronary artery aneurysm
Echocardiogram used to monitor |
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Term
| What is the third phase of kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
| Convalescent phase: sub acute until they turn normal |
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Term
| What labs would you see in Kawasaki disease patient? |
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Definition
| Increase in c reactive protein & sed rate, increase in WBC, Increase in PLT |
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Term
| What is the Tx for Kawasaki disease? |
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Definition
IV immunoglobulin, within 10 days 70% decrease in Aneurysms
Aspirin- lower plt, stop clots, inflammatory 6-8 weeks until plt level is normal |
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