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Acid-Base Disorders
Acid-Base Disorders of the Human Body
23
Other
Graduate
09/17/2013

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Cards

Term
Acid
Definition
This donates protons
Term
Base
Definition
This accepts protons
Term

H2CO3/HCO3-

H2PO4/HPO4-

NH4+/NH3

H6C3O2/H5C3O2-

Definition
What are some common acid-base pairs?
Term

pH>7.7

pH<6.7

Definition
What derangements of pH are not compatible with life?
Term
pH 7.3-7.4
Definition
What is the normal range of pH in the body?
Term
Buffering systems
Definition

-Help to maintain acid-base homeostasis 

-Pairs of weak acids and bases that donate or accept H+ as needed

-Must remain in equilibrium

Term
Physiologic Buffers
Definition

-Carbonic acid/bicarbonate

-Hemoglobin

-Plasma proteins

-Phosphates

Term
Extracellular fluids
Definition
Where does the Carbonic Acid/Bicarb buffer act?
Term
Inside Erythrocites
Definition
Where does the Hemoglobin buffer act?
Term
Intracellular and Extracellular fluids
Definition
Where do the plasma proteins act as a buffer?
Term
Intracellular and Extracellular fluids
Definition
Where do phosphates act as a buffer?
Term
Kidneys
Definition
What regulates the amount of bicarb in the body?
Term
Lungs
Definition
What regulates the amount of carbonic acid in the body?
Term
pH=pKa + log ([base]/[acid])
Definition
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
Term

CO2

It is produced due to dietary carbohydrates, proteins, and fat catabolism as well as tissue metabolism

Definition
What is the main source of acid in the body, and why is it produced?
Term
Diet
Definition
How is Alkali substances in the body produced?
Term

-Extracellular buffering

-Respiratory Tract

-Kidneys

Definition

How is acid-base balance maintained in the body?

 

Term
Extracellular buffering
Definition
Rapidly responds to a large change in Hconcentration, but cannot effectively maintain homeostasis alone
Term
Repiratory Regulation
Definition

-Responds in minutes

-chemoreceptors in the brainstem respond to changes in pCO2 and pH

Eg. Δ breathing --> Δ COleaving the body --> Δ pH

Term
Renal Regulation
Definition

-Occurs over several days 

-Alters:

Proximal tube HCO3- reabsorption

Renal ammoniagenesis

Distal tubular Hexcretion

 

Term
Renal Ammonigenesis
Definition
The rule that for each ammonia that is excreted, one bicarb is returned to circulation
Term
Steps in accessing a patient's acid-base status
Definition

1.) collect pertinent labs

2.) Answer the following questions:

a.) Acidemia or Alkalemia?

b.) Primary abnormality: respiratory or metabolic?

c.) Is the compensation?

d.) Is compensation appropriate?

e.) Is there an anion gap?

 

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