Term
| What is Actual Base Excess |
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Definition
| Amount of strong acid that must be added to 1L of fully oxygenated blood to return pH to 7.40, at 37 Celsius and pCO2 of 40mmHg. |
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Term
| What measure defines the metabolic component of an animal's acid-base status, taking in to account all factors that contribute to buffering capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you tell if acidosis is metabolic or respiratory in origin? |
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Definition
normal or low pCO2 = metabolic
high pCO2 = respiratory
low Base Excess = metabolic |
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Term
| How can you tell if alkalosis is metabolic or respiratory in origin? |
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Definition
low pCO2 = respiratory
high or normal pCO2 = metabolic
high Base Excess = metabolic |
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Term
| If pCO2 is above 50mmHg, this indicates respiratory ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| If pCO2 is below 40mmHg, this indicates respiratory ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What gas is the major determinant/indicator of respiratory acidosis |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of acid-base imbalance |
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Definition
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Term
| What is metabolic acidosis? |
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Definition
| elevated blood pH and base excess due to anything other than decreased CO2 |
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Term
| How might the body compensate for metabolic acidosis? |
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Definition
-increased ventilation (higher resp rate & deeper breaths)
-pCO2 will then fall below normal (trying to raise blood pH) |
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Term
| How might the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
-slow shallow breathing to try and conserve CO2 by decreasing ventilation
-eventually pCO2 will rise |
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Term
| What are the signs of renal compensation for respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
| high bicarbonate levels bc kidneys will start retaining bicarbonate to offset acidosis |
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Term
| Compensated respiratory alkalosis has (high/low) PCO2 and (high/low) pH, with (high/low) HCO3-. |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased ketone production is a sign of.... |
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Definition
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Term
| How might chronic diarrhea affect acid-base balance? |
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Definition
| lead to metabolic acidosis as excess buffer bases are lost |
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