Term
| what is the anion gap? what is normal? |
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Definition
| sodium minus the sum of chloride and bicarb, which represents all the unmeasured anions. a normal AG is < 14 mEq/L. |
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|
Term
| what does a positive anion gap probably mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the negative log of hydrogen ions |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is a normal pHCO3- ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a metabolic acidosis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is a respiratory alkalosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what two tests need to be obtained to determine acid/base status? |
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Definition
| arterial blood gas and SMA-6/7 (from vein: more acidic) |
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|
Term
| which is faster, respiratory or renal compensation? |
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Definition
| respiratory (blows off CO2) |
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Term
| what can the renal system do in terms of regulating acid/base? |
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Definition
| the renal system can get rid of H+ by binding to ammonium, and absorb more bicarb |
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Term
| why does the ABG need to be put on ice? |
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Definition
| b/c temperature affects solubility of gases |
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Term
| what is the likely acid/base status of a pt w/a pH <7.38 and pCO2 <38? |
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Definition
| metabolic acidosis w/respiratory compensation |
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|
Term
| what is winter's formula? |
|
Definition
| expected pCO2 = 1.5 x HCO3- + 8 +/- 2 |
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Term
| how is the osmolar gap calculated? |
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Definition
| 2 x Na x (glucose/18) + (BUN/1.8). (normal range of serum osmolarity is 285-295 mOsm/L) |
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Term
| what is the minczak delta delta? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does minczak use the delta delta? |
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Definition
| add the delta delta to the HCO3 for the HCO3 equivalent and compare it to the actual HCO3 value (kind of like a winter's formula for HCO3) |
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Term
| if pCO2 is > than 40, what can you assume? |
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Definition
| assume respiratory acidosis in addition to metabolic acidosis |
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Term
| if the pCO2 is < 40, what can you assume? |
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Definition
| primary respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| for every 0.6 increase in pCO2 what is the equivalent increase in bicarb? (*exam question*) |
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Definition
| 1 mEq/L (CO2 + water = bicarb and H+) |
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Term
| if the CO2 increase exceeds the expected magnitude, then there is a _________? |
|
Definition
| primary respiratory acidosis |
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Term
| if the CO2 level increases less than expected, then there is a _________? |
|
Definition
| primary respiratory alkalosis |
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