Term
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Definition
| can upset or aggravate or be related disease processes. an alteration in pH is a change in hydrogen concentration, acid releases H+. Normal blood pH is 7.4. The body produces excess amounts of acid under normal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| acid-base equilibrium is essential for normal vital organ function. the hydrogen ion concentration is pH. it is the inverse of a base or alkalinity of a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| H2CO3 is the gaseous form of acid. the lungs excrete excess volatile acid. CO2 + H2O: 20,000 mEq/day |
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Term
fixed, non-volatile organic acids |
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Definition
| uric, lactic acids: 30-80 mEq/day. Fixed acids are a big problem, not excreted by the lungs, only by the kidneys. can accumulate because they are more tangeable than gas. excessive acids needs to be neutralized or eliminated to maintain pH at 7.35-7.45 |
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Term
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Definition
Bicarbonate, hemoglobin, etc. works within seconds(ECF to hours (ICF). most efficient.
Bicarbonate is the most important buffer system outside the cell. 1st responders to abnormal pH
release bicarb to take acid away, if opposite it will disassociate and release H+ |
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Term
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Definition
| excess H2CO3 is excreted as CO2, works within minutes. it is the correction system for itself and the compensation system for the renal system. Compensation in the respiratory system happens quicker than the renal system correction. 2nd fastest to the buffer system |
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Term
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Definition
| excretes bicarbonate and fixed acids, requires hours to days. Compensation to the respiratory system. takes the longest |
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Term
metabolic acid-base
renal-metabolic system |
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Definition
initially caused by gain or loss of H+ or HCO3-
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
increase in acid-ingestion, production, infusion of a fixed acid
ketoacidosis
decreased renal excretion of H+
Decrease in base-loss of bicarbonate or other bases from ECF
true metabolic acidosis- accumulation of lactic acid
respiratory compensation-kussmaul breathing-deep breathing
clinical manifestations-headache, abdominal pain, cns depression |
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Term
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Definition
increase in base- ingestion, infusion, or excessive renal absorption of bases-antiacids
decrease in acid-excessive loss of fixed acids( vomiting, gastric suctioning)
respiratory compensation: hypoventilation
clinical manifestaions:postural hypotension, hypokalemia |
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Term
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Definition
impaired gas exchange-restrictive or obstructive lung disease(COPD's, asthma, pneumonia, ARDS
impaired neuromuscular function-interferes with neural transmission to respiratory muscles-polio, M.D.
impaired respiratory control-brainstem-0depression of respiratory centers-trauma
compensation: renal system increased excretion of fixed acids and increased concentration of bicarbonate-requires several days |
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Term
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Definition
dysfunction leading to hyperventilation-hyperventilation syndrome, drugs, hormones, toxic substances, CNS disease or disorders, fever, mechanical overventilation, ascent to high altitudes
renal compensation: decreased excretion of fixed acids
diaphoresis, neuromuscular irritability |
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