Term
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Definition
| measurement of the concentration of protons in solutions |
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Term
| what contributed to the acidity of a solution |
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Definition
| the concentration of protons present |
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Term
| can you describe the pH scale |
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Definition
| the lower the pH number he higher protons which means higher acidity. the higher number the less the protons which makes them less acidic and more alkaline. each number represents a ten fold increase or decrease in protons |
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Term
| what is a strong acid? strong base? whats the difference between the stong and weak acids and bases |
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Definition
strong acids- completely dissociate in solution(donate protons) creating a proton and anion HCl
strong base- dissociates into an anion that can bind up a protien "removing" it from solution NAOH |
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Term
| can you describe the function of a buffer |
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Definition
| donate or remove protons to or from a solution to offset large fluctuations in pH. they maintain homeostatic pHof various body fluids |
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Term
| what are the normal ranges for HCO3- pH and Pco2 |
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Definition
HCO3- :22-26 mEq/L
pH :7.35-7.45
Pco2: 35-45 mmHg |
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Term
| can you explain the 3 different regulatory systems for pH balance of blood |
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Definition
Renal- the kidney can release HCO3- in the blood to buffer pH
Respiratory- breathing rate can increase or decrease to expel or retain more or less CO2 and thus alter proton #in the blood
Chemical buffers- these are molecules such as various salts or protiens that are naturally available in the body fluids that act as buffers |
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Term
| Can you describe the major intacellular fluid chemical buffers? Extracellular fluid buffers? |
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Definition
ICF buffers include Na2HPO4 (sodium monohydrogen phosphate) and protiens.
ECF is bicarbonate ion HCO3- |
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Term
| can you describe how the respiratory centers can aid in ph balance |
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Definition
the respiratory centers work together to integrate information about O2, CO2, and H+ []'s to determine pespiratory rate and depth. if rate is increased then more CO2 is expelled and pH of the blood can become more alkaline. the opposite is true if rate decreased
-The centers are the pontine respiratory group in the Pons, the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups (VRG and DRG) in the medulla oblongata. the pontine and DRG integrate and send info to the VRG and the VRG sends it to the phrenic to change rate and depth of breathing |
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Term
| describe metabolic alkalosis, which system is failing |
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Definition
something systemic is causing blood pH to the be alkaline. this includes vomiting
, some diuretics
excessive antacid ingestion constipation
excess aldosterone |
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Term
| describe respiratory alkalosis, what system is failing |
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Definition
breathing rate is too fast and too much CO2 is exhaled from the blood. Causes include
hyperventalation:CO2 is removed too fast
Brain tumor or injury |
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Term
| describe metabolic acidosis and what system is failing |
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Definition
something causes blood pH to be too acidic. the kidneys are not maintaining pH with adequate bicarbonate ion. causes are:
severe diarrhea
renal disease
untreated diabetes
starvation
excess alcohol consumption |
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Term
| describe respitory acidosis and what system is failing |
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Definition
breathing rate is too slow and CO2 is retained in the blood causing the pH to lower and be acidic. causes:
shallow breathing, CO2 builds up
impaired gas exchange or lung ventilation
narcotic OD; brain stem injury |
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