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ACCT 230
Financial Accounting, Chapter 4, Libby/Libby/Short Seventh Edition
23
Accounting
Undergraduate 2
02/26/2013

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Term
Accounting Cycle
Definition
the process followed by entities to analyze and record transactions, adjust the records at the end of the period, prepare financial statements, and prepare the records for the next cycle
Term
Trial Balance
Definition
a list of all accounts with their balances to provide a check on the equality of the debits and credits
Term
Adjusting Entries
Definition
entries necessary at the end of the accounting period to measure all revenues and expenses of that period; always include one income statement account and one balance sheet account
Term
Deferred Revenues
Definition
(unearned revenues) previoiusly recorded liabilities that need to be adjusted at the end of the accounting period to reflect the amount of revenue earned
Term
Accrued Revenues
Definition
previously unrecorded revenues that need to be adjusted at the end of the accounting period to reflect the amount earned and the related receivable account
Term
Deferred Expenses
Definition
previously acquired assets that need to be adjusted at the end of the accounting period to reflect the amount of expense incurred in using the asset to generate revenue
Term
Contra-Account
Definition
an account that is an offset to, or reduction of, the primary account
Term
Net Book Value
Definition
(book value, carrying value) the difference between an asset's acquisition cost, and accumulated depreciation, its related contra-account
Term
Accrued Expenses
Definition
previously unrecorded expenses that need to be adjusted at the end of the accounting period to reflect the amount incurred and the related payable account
Term
Permanent Accounts
Definition
(real accounts) the balance sheet accounts that carry their ending balances into the next accounting period
Term
Temporary Accounts
Definition
(nominal accounts) income statement accounts that are closed to retained earnings at the end of the accounting period
Term
Closing Entry
Definition
transfers balances in temporary accounts to retained earnings and establishes zero balances in temporary accounts
Term
Contributed Capital on Statement of Stockholders' Equity
Definition
beginning balance + stock issuances - stock repurchases = ending balance
Term
Retained Earnings on Statement of Stockholders' Equity
Definition
beginning balance + net income - dividends
Term
Earnings per Share equation
Definition
net income/Average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period
Term
Net Profit Margin Equation and Use
Definition
Net Income/Net Sales (or Operating Revenues)

Measures how much of every sales dollar generated during the period is profit
Term
Post-Closing Trial Balance
Definition
should be prepared as the last step of the accounting cycle to check that debits equal credits and all temporary accounts have been closed
Term
Four Types of Adjusting Entries
Definition
deferred revenues, accrued revenues, deferred expenses, accrued expenses
Term
Purpose of Adjustments
Definition
So that
1)Revenues are recorded when they are earned (revenue principle)
2)Expenses are recorded when they are incurred to generate revenue (matching principle)
3)Assets are reported at amounts that represent the probable future benefits remaining at the end of the period
4)Liabilities are reported at amounts that represent the probable future sacrifices of assets or services owed at the end of the period
Term
Two Entries involved in all adjustments
Definition
1)cash receipt or payment
2)revenue expense in the proper period through the adjusting entry
Term
3 Steps for analyzing adjustments at the end of the period
Definition
1)Ask if there is revenue earned or an expense incurred that is not yet recorded
2)Ask if the related cash was received or paid in the past or will it be received or paid in the future:
was received - reduce the liability account (usually Unearned Revenue)
will be received - increase the receivable account
was paid - reduce the asset account
will be paid - increase the payable account
3)Compute the amount of revenue earned or expense incurred
Term
Depreciation
Definition
an allocation of an asset's cost over its estimated useful life to the company
Term
2 Purposes of a closing entry
Definition
1)to transfer the balances in the temporary accounts (income statement accounts) to Retained Earnings
2)to establish a zero balance in each of the temporary accounts to start the accumulation in the next accounting period
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