Term
| What function do the gallbladder, liver and pancreas have in common? |
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Definition
| The gallbladder, liver and pancreas all secrete substances that is necessary forthe digestion of chyme |
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Term
| How are the necessary substances secreted to the duodenum |
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Definition
| Through ducts, which all connect to the common bile duct, where the secretions are drained nto the duodenum |
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Term
| how many grams does the liver weigh? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the liver located (which abdominal quadrant and below which structure) |
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Definition
| the liver is located under the right side of the abdomen. Is is located in the RUQ |
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Term
| ligament that separates the left and right lobes of the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the falciform ligament of the liver attach |
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Definition
| to the anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| Capsule covering the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if the liver is diseased or swollen |
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Definition
| the Glisson capsule (which contains blood vessel, lymphatics and nerves) becomes distended and causes pain. The lyphatics may ooze fluid into the peritonal space |
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Term
| The two types of inward blood sources to the liver |
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Definition
| the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein |
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Term
| Function of the hepatic portal vein |
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Definition
| Recieves deoxygenated blood (from the inferior and superior mesenteric veins and splenic veins). This blood contains all the substances that has been absorbed from the digestive tract. The nutrients are absorbed from the small intestines and are metabolised for use by body cells. Once metabolised, the liver either releases the nutrients into the blood stream, or stores them for later use |
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Term
| anatomical units of the the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| functional unit that forms the liver lobules |
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Definition
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Term
| describe location and function of sinusoids |
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Definition
sinusoids (leaky capillaries) are located between the hepatocytes plates.
Function is to recieve blood from branches of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein |
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Term
| function of bile canaliculi |
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Definition
| are small channels which conduct bile produced by the hepatocytes onwards to the bile ducts then to the common bile duct to be drained into the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| also called the hepatopancreatic sphinter. Opening between common bile duct and duodenum |
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Term
| lining of the sinusoids and function (2) |
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Definition
-highly permeable endothelium: enhance transport of nutrients
- phagocytic kupffer cells, which are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Remove foregin substances and trap bcteria
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Term
| describe location and function of disse space |
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Definition
| found between the hepatocyte and sinusoids. Function is to drain interstitual fluid into the hepatic lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
| for the intestinal emulsification of fats into small spheres called micelles. This allows fat absorption |
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Term
| what is enterohepatic circulation |
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Definition
-It is the 'recycling' of bile salts
-cycle of hepatic secretion, intestinal absorption and hepatic resecretion of bile. |
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Term
| haemostatic functions of liver |
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Definition
| liver produces clotting factors necessary for coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
| a fat soluble vitamin needed in the production of blood clotting factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| a by product of the destruction of RBCs. It gives bilirubin a greenish-black color. |
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Term
| Describe process of bilirubin formation |
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Definition
| Aged red cells are taken up into the mononuclear phagocyte system (primarily in the spleen and liver) -> haemoglobin is separated into haem and globin. -> globin is broken down and recycled to form new proteins alon from the iron from haem, bilirubin is a product of haem -> liver metabolises bilirubin into bile salts and secretes waste products to form the pigments of bile |
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Term
| Difference between bile salts and bile pigments |
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Definition
-bile salts: assist fat digestion
-bile pigments: contain waste of bilirubin |
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Term
| describe metabolic detoxification |
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Definition
liver metabolises both substances produceed in the body and substance that are ingested.
the liver makes toxic substance less toxic.
However, the end procucts may be toxic |
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Term
| primary function of the gallbladder |
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Definition
| store and concentrate ble between meals |
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Term
| where is the spleen located |
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Definition
| the body of the spleen is located deep into the abdomen int the LUQ, behind the stomach. The head is tucked into the curve of the duodenum, and it's tail is touching the spleen |
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Term
| Describe the pancreas endocrine fuctions |
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Definition
| secrete hormones directly into bloodstream; mainly insulin and glucagon |
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Term
| Function of the pancreas exocrine system |
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Definition
| consists of the secretions that empty directly into the digestive tract |
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Term
| acini and networks of ducts |
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Definition
| structures of pancreas that secrete enzymes and alkaline fluids for digestion |
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Term
| alpha and beta cell function |
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Definition
alpha: secrete glucagon to break down glucose stores in liver
beta: secrete insulin
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