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Acc. Biology Ecology 2
Simon Kenton
36
Biology
10th Grade
07/09/2011

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Term
Biome
Definition

A large group of ecosystems that are characterized by certain soil, climate, conditions, plants, and animals

Term
Tropical Rain Forest
Definition
  • Percipitation - 200-400cm of rain per year
  • Soil - low in nutrients
  • Plants - broad-leaved evergreen trees, ferns, large woody vines and climbing plants, orchids
  • Animals - birds, snakes, monkeys, frogs, ants
  • Temperature - warm year round 25-29°C
  • Located near equator
  • One small acre may support 100 species of plants
  • Species live at various levels
  • Contains more species of organisms than anywhere else
Term
Desert
Definition
  • Percipitation - less than 10cm of rain per year
  • Soil - sandy soil, low in nutrients
  • Plants - succulent plants that have needle shaped leaves to reduce water loss
  • Animals - rattlesnakes, lizard, spider, roadrunner
  • Temperature - humidity islow, suns rays penetrate and heat the ground quickly so its hot during the day and cold at night
  • Plants are adapted to growing, flowering, and producing seed quick
  • Plants are deep rooted
  • Desertification
Term
Grassland
Definition
  • Percipitation - 25-100cm of rain per year
  • Soil - very rich in nutrients and deep layer of topsoil
  • Plants - tall and short grasses and small plants
  • Animals - bison, wolves, prairie dogs, foxes, coyotes
  • Temperature - warm summers and very cold winters
  • Found in the interior of continents
  • Also called prairies
  • Not enough rain to support trees

 

Term
Savannah
Definition

Precipitation - 30-50cm of rain per year

Soil - compact soil

Plant - grasses, scattered trees

Animals - lions, cheetahs, elephants, giraffes, zebras, rhinoceros

Temperature - warm year round 24-29°C

Term
Dry Woodland and Shrubland
Definition
  • Precipitation - 25-60cm of rain per year
  • Soil - low in nutrients and highly acidic
  • Plants - hardened tough evergreens, wildflowers, grasses
  • Animals - coyotes, foxes, bobcats, mountain lions
  • Temperature - hot dry summers with periodic fires and cool moist winters
  • Western or southern coastal region
  • Also called chaparral
Term
Deciduous Forest
Definition
  • Precipitation - 70-200cm of rain per year
  • Soil - moist and fertile, rich in humus
  • Plants - birch, maple, elm, oak, evergreens
  • Animals - deer, foxes, raccoons, squirrels, birds
  • Deciduous Trees - lose leaves annually
  • 1/4 of bird species
Term
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
Definition
  • Precipitation - 30-70cm of rain per year
  • Soil - low in nutrients and highly acidic
  • Plants - cone bearing trees, pines, firs, spruces
  • Animals - moose, bears, timberwolves
  • Temperature - warm during the summer and cold in the winter
  • Needle shape leaves is adaptation for water loss
  • Lies south of the tundra
Term
Tundra
Definition
  • Precipitation - 20-60cm of rain per year
  • Soil - thin moist and nutrient poor
  • Plants - mosses, lichens, and grasses that survive in soggy soil
  • Animals - caribou, reindeer, artic fox
  • Temperature - cool in summer and freezing in winter
  • Permafrost - permanently frozen ground
  • Treeless land

Long summer days and short periods of winter sunlight

Term
Flowing Water Ecosystem
Definition
  • Originate in mountains or hills
  • Ex. rivers, streams, creeks, brooks
Term
3 Types of Stream Habitats
Definition

1. Riffle

2. Pools

3. Runs

Term
Riffle
Definition
  • Water flows swiftly over rough bottom of sand and rock
  • Shallow
  • Type of stream habitat
Term
Pool
Definition
  • Deep water flows slowly over smooth bottom
  • Type of stream habitat
Term
Runs
Definition
  • Smooth surface but fast flowing water
  • Type of stream habitat
Term
Standing Water Ecosystem
Definition
  • Water does not flow
  • Ex. lake and pond
Term
3 Zones of a Lake
Definition

1. Littoral

2. Limnetic

3. Profundal

Term
Littoral
Definition
  • Area around the shore
  • Water is shallow and well lit
  • Diversity is greatest
  • Type of lake zone
Term
Limnetic
Definition
  • Open water
  • Sunlit water that extends to where photosynthesis takes place
  • Type of lake zone
Term
Profundal
Definition
  • Open water
  • Below depth of photosynthesis
  • Bacterial decomposers
  • Type of lake zone
Term
Spring Overturn
Definition

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) from the surface moves to deep water and nutrients released by decomposition moves to surface

Term
Fall Overturn
Definition
Upper layer of water cools becomes denser then sinks.  Dissolved Oxygen (DO) moves down and nutrients move up
Term
Oligotrophic Lake
Definition
Nutrient poor and oxygen rich
Term
Eutrophic Lake
Definition

Nutrient rich and oxygen poor

High rate of primary productivity

Term
Wetland
Definition

Water covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil at least part of the year

Term
3 Types of Wetlands
Definition

1. Bog

2. Marsh

3. Swamp

Term
Bog
Definition
  • Wetland that form in depressions where water collects
  • Type of wetland
Term
Marsh
Definition
  • Shallow wetland along river
  • Type of wetland
Term
Swamp
Definition
  • Look like flooded forests
  • Water flows slowly
  • Type of wetland
Term
Estuary
Definition
A place where salt water mixes with fresh water
Term
Mangrove
Definition
  • Coastal wetland that occur in tropical regions
  • Trees have propping roots
  • Great filter of of pollutants
Term
3 Types of Ocean Zones
Definition

1. Intertidal Zone

2. Benthic Zone

3. Pelagic Zone

Term
Intertidal Zone
Definition
  • Portion of the shoreline between the high and low tides
  • Type of ocean zone
Term
Benthic Zone
Definition
  • Includes all sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom
  • Starts at continental shelves and extends to deep sea trenches
  • Type of ocean zone
Term
Pelagic Zone
Definition
  • Full volume of ocean water
  • Divided into 2 zones: neritic zone and oceanic zone
Term
Neritic Zone
Definition
  • All water above continental shelves
  • Zone in the pelagic ocean zone
Term
Oceanic Zone
Definition
  • Water of the ocean basins past the continental shelves
  • Included photic and aphotic zone
  • Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs in the photic zone
  • Zone of the pelagic ocean zone
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