Term
|
Definition
| The distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of another wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy-releasing reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical reactions that require free energy |
|
|
Term
| Light energy-light reaction |
|
Definition
| Involve a series of changes that convert light energy into chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (atoms and molecules). Chemical energy is released in a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat. Such reactions are called exothermic. Batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of stored chemical energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid part of a chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range of colors that make up white light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wavelengths absorbed by chlorophyll |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy available to do work |
|
|
Term
| ATP-how it is energy released |
|
Definition
| When the bond between the 2 phospate groups of ATP is broken, free energy is released |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of exergonic reaction in involving ATP which reacts with water, and the last phosphate group is broken off and energy is released |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The simplest type of carbohydrate. (***The later steps to break down glucose which produces carbon dioxide and water can't happen without enough oxygen. Muscles will use lactic acid fermentation.***) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respiration that uses oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these processes take place in the absence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anaerobic process in which enzymes break down a glucose molecule into 2 lactic acid molecules transferring energy to ATP in the process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It includes light, radio waves, microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays. All radiant energy travels in waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chloroplasts contain internal membranes called these. They have a fluid mosaic structure and have chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules embeded along with the proteins in their bi-layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The green colored pigment in cholorplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow, orange and red pigments in chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the Thylakoid membrane arranged in stacks. It's on the internal membranes that the light reactions occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs only in producers; Taken as a whole these reactions are endergonic and the ultimate source of energy needed for the reaction is external -- light. Carbon dioxide and water are combined into simple sugards and oxygen is given off as a byproduct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes place in the stroma. The process of synthesizing sugars. The calvin cycle is the synthesis part of photosynthesis. Enzymes combine CO2 from air or water with hydrogen from NADPH and energy from ATP to form 3-carbon simple sugars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An anaerobic process in which enzymes break down a glucose molecules into 2 molecules of ethanol and 2 molecules of CO2 transferring energy to ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cross links may prevent DNA from passing on its information and can cause cancer. It happens when a molecule and a free radical form a union. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interphase and mitosis together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell to cell contact: most normal cells divide repeatedl until they come in contact with another cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of chromosomes stays the same from generation to generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells such as eggs adn sperm that contain one chromosome of each homologous pair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells having two fo each chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In diploid cells, each chromosome of a pair has the same basic structure and the two members of each pair is this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two parent organisms mate to produce a single cell. that single cell is a fertilized egg which is called this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A zygote results from the nion of two dfferent kinds of this, which are the sex cells: sperm, egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meiosis 1: Interpahse 1, Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase , Telophase1
Meisois 2: Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telphase 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of attachment for the two chromatids of a chromosome (sister chromatids) during prophase; also attaches the chromosome to the microtubules of the spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At Metaphase 1 of Meiosis tetrads consisting of homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle. During mitosis the homologous chromosomes do not pair. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method by which prokaryotes reproduce wherby their DNA is replicated and distributed equally to daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of fusion of two haploid sex cells (egg and sperm) to form a zygote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosomes other than sex chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X and Y chormosomes that differ between the sexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each alternative form of a gene for a certain trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the combination of alleles for a given trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the appearance of a trait as determined by a given genotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inherited trait such as eye color in fruit flies determined by a gene on the sex chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of a trait that dominates another trait and appears in the F1 generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the form of a trait that is hidden in the F1 generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries 2 different alleles of the same gene and is heterozygous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when each cell of an organism contains 2 of the same alleles for a given trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when each cell of an organism contains 2 different alleles for a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each gamete must contain 1 allele for each trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chart used to determine the possible combinations of genes among offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many amino acids bonded together that form a long chain. 2 or more polypeptides may be joined to make a particular protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| building blocks of proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factor containing information for every trait; can be dominant or recessive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be broken down into a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and 4 nitrogen containing bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each set of 3 bases representing an amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process whereby RNA is made from DNA; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each base is attached to a molecule of sugar and each sugar is then attached to a phosphate group to form a single molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A with T and G with C -- new nucelotides would be put in place according to the sequence of bases in each parent chain |
|
|
