Term
| neurodevelopmental disorders |
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Definition
| behavioral disorders with onset during childhood known or presumed to result at least in part from disruption of brain development. |
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Term
| developmental coordination disorder |
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Definition
| disorder involving deficits in the ability to walk, run, or hold on to objects |
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Term
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Definition
| behavioral disorders known or presumed to result from disruptions of brain structure and functioning |
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Term
| major neurocognitive disorder |
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Definition
| a brain disorder characterized by a deteriorating course of deficits in neurocognitive functioning (e.g., memory, attention) that interferes significantly with independent living |
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Term
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| syndrome marked by deficits in controlling attention, inhibiting impulses, and organizing behavior to accomplish long-term goals |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive disorder in which a gradual and usually permanent decline of intellectual functioning occurs; can be caused by a medical condition, substance intoxication, or withdrawal; also known as major neurocognitive disorder |
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Term
| autism spectrum disorder (ASD) |
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Definition
| a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by disrupted social and language development (formerly referred to as autism) |
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Term
| mild neurocognitive disorder |
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Definition
| a mental disorder manifesting a slight abnormal decrease in mental function involving memory, thought, communication, behavior, or the completion of tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| childhood disorder marked by deficits in social interaction (such as a lack of interest in one’s family or other children), communication (such as failing to modulate one’s voice to signify emotional expression), and activities and interests (such as engaging in bizarre, repetitive behaviors) |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to produce and comprehend language |
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Term
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Definition
| communication abnormality in which an individual simply repeats back what they hear rather than generating their own speech |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous repetition of sounds and words |
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Term
| Intellectual developmental disorder |
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Definition
| (intellectual disability a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired general intellectual functioning (formerly referred to as mental retardation) |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to initiate common voluntary behaviors |
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Term
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| syndrome that occurs when a mother abuses alcohol during pregnancy, causing the baby to have lowered IQ, increased risk for ID, distractibility, and difficulties with learning from experience |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired ability to recognize objects or people |
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Term
| specific learning disorder |
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Definition
| disrupted or delayed development in a specific domain of cognition, such as reading |
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Term
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Definition
| functions of the brain that involve the ability to sustain concentration; use abstract reasoning and concept formation; anticipate, plan, and program; initiate purposeful behavior; self-monitor; and shift from maladaptive patterns of behavior to more adaptive ones |
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Term
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Definition
| disorders characterized by persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language and other means of communicating. |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive neurological disease that is the most common cause of dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| a communication disorder characterized by difficulties with spoken and written language and other language modalities (e.g., sign language) |
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Term
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Definition
| twists or tangles of filaments within nerve cells, especially prominent in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, common in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients |
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Term
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Definition
| a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in producing speech |
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Term
| childhood-onset fluency disorder |
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Definition
| disturbances of the normal fluency and motor production of speech, including repetitive sounds or syllables, prolongation of consonants or vowel sounds, broken words, blocking or words produced with an excess of physical tension; also known as stuttering |
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Term
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Definition
| class of proteins that accumulates in the spaces between neurons in the brain, contributing to Alzheimer’s disease |
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Term
| social communication disorder |
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Definition
| a communication disorder characterized by difficulty using language and other modalities for communicating in social situations. |
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Term
| vascular neurocognitive disorder |
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Definition
| a form of dementia resulting from multiple strokes and/or ischemic events |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of disorders characterized by motor symptoms such as tics, stereotypic movements, or dyscoordination |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked, causing tissue damage to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| a motor disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden damage to the brain due to blockage of blood flow or hemorrhaging |
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Term
| persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVTD) |
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Definition
| a condition involving quick and uncontrollable movements or vocal outbursts (but not both) |
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Term
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Definition
| injury to the brain resulting from traumatic force; often associated with loss of consciousness |
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Term
| stereotypic movement disorder |
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Definition
| a motor disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior, such as hand waving or head banging. |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive disorder including disorientation and memory loss that is acute and usually transient |
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