Term
| Challenges associated with digesting food |
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Definition
| Breaking down the food into small enough chunks to swallow and not cause blockages, making sure the food can move, breaking down food into nutrients |
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Term
| Solutions associated with challenges of digesting food |
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Definition
| Chewing, movement of the small intestines, contractions, bile and saliva, enzymes to break down food |
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Term
| Path of Food through the digestive system |
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Definition
| Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus |
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Term
| Muscular actions as food passes through the digestive system |
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Definition
Peristalsis: Movement of the chyme through the intestines
Segmentation: Contractions in small intestines break up chyme into smaller pieces and mix with digestive juices |
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Term
| Name the organs that secrete digestive juices and how they facilitate digestion |
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Definition
Salivary Glands: Moistens food for easy passage, protests mouth from acids, begins break down of carbs
Stomach: Gastric Juice: Protein digestion, stomach cells produce mucus to protect stomach from acid
Pancreas: Pancreatic Juice: Bicarbonate neutralizes gastric juice, breaks down all major energy sources
Liver: Bile Storage: Bile emulsifies fat so that enzymes can break down fat
Gall Bladder: Produces Bile
Small Intestine: Intestinal Juice breaks down major energy sources and mucus to protect intestinal walls |
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-liquid, partially digested foods that travels through the intestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Main function is to emulsify fat |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Nutrient that passes through the GI tract mostly undigested and unabsorbed |
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Term
| Role of the Small Intestine |
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Definition
| Large surface area, microvilli increase surface area, absorbs nutrients through simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, main site of absorption |
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Term
| Flow of blood through digestive system |
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Definition
| Heart > Arteries> Capillaries in Intestines > Hepatic Portal Vein for Liver > Capillaries in the Liver > Hepatic Vein > Heart |
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Term
| All blood leaving the GI tract goes through the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrients that leave the GI tract by way of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
| Fat and fat soluble nutrients |
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Term
| How the body coordinates and regulates the processes of digestion and absorption |
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Definition
Bacteria (flora) promote regularity; alleviate inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, allergies, lactose intolerance, infant colic; enhances immune function; protection against colon cancer; improves blood pressure and immune responses; digests fibers and complex proteins
Hormonally/Nervous System:
-Gastrin: Stimulates stomach glands to secrete hydrochloric acid
-Secretin: Stimulates Pancreas to secrete Bicarbonate rich juices into small intestine
-Cholecystokinin: Stimulates Gall Bladder to secrete bile into the duodenum and the Pancreas to secrete Pancreatic Juice into the Small Intestine
Negative feed back loops |
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Term
| How does diet composition influence the function the GI tract? |
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Definition
| Protein and fat slow down function, fiber "clean" intestines |
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Term
| Steps to help GI tract function at its best? |
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Definition
| Adequacy, moderation, and balance |
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Term
| Digestion and Absorption are regulated by.... |
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Definition
| The hormonal and nervous system |
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Term
| Gastrin, Secretin, and Cholecystokinin are examples of.... |
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Definition
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