Term
| Lab values indicative of pre-renal azotemia |
|
Definition
FeNa < 1
Bun/Cr > 30
Urine Na < 20 |
|
|
Term
| Body fluids in descending order of highest concentration of potassium |
|
Definition
1. Saliva (20 meq)
2. Gastric (10 meq)
3. pancreatic/duodenal (5 meq) |
|
|
Term
| Amino acids metobolized in muscle |
|
Definition
| Branched chain AAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branched chain AAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine |
|
|
Term
| Reverses adverse affects of steriods on wound healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TBW of infants, men, women and fat people |
|
Definition
# infants: 80%
# men: 60%
# women: 50%
# fat people have 10% less |
|
|
Term
| Break down of TBW by compartment |
|
Definition
# 40 % intracellular
# 20 % extracellular (15% interstitial and 5% plasma) |
|
|
Term
| How many kcal/g of macromolecules |
|
Definition
# Carbs: 4.0 kcal/g (3.4 kcal/g of dextrose)
# Protein: 4.0 kcal/g
# fats: 9.0 kcal/g |
|
|
Term
| Calorie requirements of healthy individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein requirement of healthy individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory quotient of fat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory quotient of carbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory quotient of protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relationship b/w protein and nitrogen content |
|
Definition
| 6.25g of protein has 1 gram of N |
|
|
Term
| formula for nitrogen balance |
|
Definition
| (protein/6.25) - (24 hr urine N + 4g) |
|
|
Term
| Preferred fuel of the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred fuel of small bowel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most abund AA in the blood stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Affects of stress on glutamine levels in blood |
|
Definition
| Decrease: more glutamine goes to kideny to produce ammonium in order to decrease acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Use of glutamine in chem/RT pts |
|
Definition
| decreases bacterial translocation and increases mucosal health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# short and medium chain fatty acids enter enterocyte by simple diffusion and then enter portal circulation
# long chain fatty acids form micelles and enter enterocytes by fusing with membrane then packed into chylomicrons and are circulated in the lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes neuropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes perioral rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes hair loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes poor healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes change in taste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes weakness, especially of respiratory muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes encephalopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes neutropenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes change in vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes dermatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficiency that causes decrease in vit C stores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glucose in peripheral cells is utilized producing lactate, lactate is transported to the liver where it is made into glucose |
|
|
Term
| AA needed to make glucose in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substance to which primary bile salts are conjugated in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location and method of absorption of most of the bile acids |
|
Definition
| absorbed by active transport in the ileum |
|
|
Term
| Energy utilization in starvation |
|
Definition
| # glycogen lasts from 6-72 hours # for next 2-3 days, energy is derived from fat breakdown: liver can use glycerol to make glucose and most tissues (except brain) can use free fatty acids directly; liver makes ketone bodies from FFA to be used by the brain # next muscle is broken down to release AAs and the liver turns alanine into glucose |
|
|
Term
| fate of gluconeogenesis in late starvation |
|
Definition
| shifts to kidneys because liver runs out of alanine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 154 meq of Na and 154 meq of Cl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
130 meq of Na
4 meq of K
2.7 meq of Ca
109 meq of Cl
28 meq of bicarb |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of hypokalemia in alkalosis |
|
Definition
| K is driven into the cells and is then excreted into the urine |
|
|
Term
| Affect of hyper glycemia on serum Na |
|
Definition
| Decrease serum Na by 2 for every 100 glucose over 100 |
|
|
Term
| Vit/mineral deficit that causes hyperexcitability of muscle/tetany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ideal rate of correction for hyponatremia |
|
Definition
| 1 meq Na/hr to avoid central pontine myolinolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.6 [or 0.5 for women] x pt's weight x [(Na-140)/140] |
|
|
Term
| Formula for daily FW requirement |
|
Definition
| (desired change in Na in 1 day x TBW)/desired Na at end of the day |
|
|
Term
| Ideal rate of correction for hypernatremia |
|
Definition
| no more than 0.7 meq/hr or 16 meq/day |
|
|
Term
| Causes of high anion gap acidosis |
|
Definition
# methanol
# uremia
# DKA
# paraldehyde, propylene glycol
# isoniazid
# lactic acidosis
# ethylene glycol
# salicylates |
|
|
Term
| Reason why Mg must be replete prior to repleting Ca |
|
Definition
|
|
