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A+ Book 2 - Chapter 5
Managing Storage Technology
29
Computer Science
Professional
07/10/2013

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Term
Platter
Definition
a physical disk inside a hard drive that stores the data. there are multiple platters in a hard drive and are writable on each side. they start with side 0 and count up.

data is saved on them via side 1, sector 2, track 4.
Term
Cylinder
Definition
References to all tracks at that location on all platters.

Ex, Cylinder 4 means all track 4's on all platters.
Term
Seek time
Definition
how long it takes to move the read/write heads to the desired track.

calculated average time in milliseconds.
Term
Latency
Definition
how long it takes for the appropriate sector to move under the read/write head

measured in milliseconds
Term
Access Time
Definition
overall speed of disk.

Combo of seek time and latency.

Lower access time the better
Term
Spin Speed
Definition
how fast the platters spin, measured in RPMs.
Term
Master Boot Record
Definition
first sector on the first track of the first side of the first platter.

Holds the OS boot code and drive characteristics
Term
*Logical Block Addressing (LBA)
Definition
perform sector translation

developed by Western Digital

recognizes larger drives up to 2.1 GBs
Term
*extended Cylinder/Head/Sector (ECHS)
Definition
performs sector translation

dev'd by Seagate.

recognizes larger drives up to 2.1 GBs
Term
*sector translation
Definition
hard drive controller lying to the BIOS about the drive geometry

necessary because early BIOS chips would not recognize the larger hard drives
Term
*Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
Definition
have controllers integrated into the drives. Controllers translate data to/from the CPU to the hard drive.

*limitation: only 2 devices could be connected in a chain.
Term
*Enhanced IDE (EIDE)
Definition
faster transfer rate and allows 4 devices in a chain. gave option to add CD-ROM and Zip drives.

supports drives over 200 GBs
Term
Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) standard
Definition
two IDE drives with a master/slave relationship where master gives and receives commands and info for slave.

aka ATA-1 standard
Term
EIDE/ATA-2 standard
Definition
motherboards with 2 controllers (40-pin connection points) allowed up to 4 EIDE devices to be used.
Term
*Ultra DMA, *PIO mode, *Ultra DMA transfer rates
Definition
*Ultra Direct Memory Access that uses an 80-wire ribbon

Programmed Input/Output mode.
*- protocol that determines the transfer rate of the drive

*transfer rates of Ultra DMA range from 11.1 MBps-133MBps
Term
Master/Slave designation
Definition
most hard drives have a jumper that you can utilize to designate it as master or slave
Term
*Small Computer System Interface(SCSI)
Definition
a hard drive with it's own 'brain', SCSI adapter, aka SCSI card/controller.

requires an expansion card to be utilized

*supports a daisy chain of 8 devices. If the exam asks how many devices can be ATTACHED, it is 7. If the exam asks how many devices EXIST, its 8
Term
*SCSI Cabling
Definition
internal: 50-wire ribbon cable

external: thick Centrionics 50 or Centrionics 68 wires.
Term
*Types of SCSI:
SCSI-1
Definition
original version of SCSI with a *transfer rate of 5MBps.

not limited to 2 devices in a chain, up to 8 with the controller as 1
Term
*Types of SCSI:
Fast SCSI-2
Definition
*doubled transfer rate up to 10MBps. supports 8 chain
Term
*Types of SCSI:
Wide SCSI-2
Definition
doubled the data path to 16bits.
*transfer rate of 10MBps but supported a 16 chain
Term
*Types of SCSI:
Fast Wide SCSI-2
Definition
16-bit data path
transfer 20MBps
16-devices
Term
*Types of SCSI:
Ultra SCSI
Definition
8-bit data path
Transfer 20MBps
8-devices
Term
*Types of SCSI:
Ultra Wide SCSI
Definition
16-bit data path
transfer 40MBps
16-devices
Term
*Types of SCSI:
LVD (Ultra2 SCSI)
Definition
Low Voltage Differential
16-bit data path
transfer 80MBps
16-devices
Term
SCSI chained devices
Definition
must have termination points on the first and last device.

Most devices now do this automatically
Term
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
Definition
no need for master/slave designations.
only 7 wires
hot-swappable
SATA v1: 150 MBps
SATA v2: 300MBps
SATA v3: 600MBps
Term
write once read many (WORM)
Definition
CDR is a WORM

a CDRW has a speed displayed as 4x4x24 = write speed, rewrite speed, read speed
Term
Getting an A+ (2:5)
Definition
-EIDE devices are slower than SCSI and SATA and only support 4 devices, with 2 devices per EIDE chain

- EIDE devices must be designated as master/slave

- SCSI need a host adapter and unique IDs with the SCSI bus terminated at both ends

- SATA drives are faster than EIDE and support hot-swapping. Each SATA port on motherboard supports connecting a single SATA drive.

- CD-ROMs store 700MB, DVDs store 4.7-8.5GBs, Blu-ray stores 25-50GBs

- an 8x DVD can transfer data at 10.80 MBps; 8x Blu-ray transfers 36MBps
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