Term
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Definition
| Whether a disorder runs in families |
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Term
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Definition
| a naming system that enables us to structure info in a more helpful manner |
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| Disadvantages of Classification |
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Definition
| loss of info, stigma, stereotyping, labeling, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Wakefields definition of mental disorder |
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Definition
| Mental condition that causes significant distress or disablility, is not merely an expectable response to a particular even, and is a manifestation of a mental dysfunction. |
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Definition
| behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which it is enacted. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health related behaviors in a given population |
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Term
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Definition
| refers tot he number of active cases in a population during any given period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| we would count everyone who suffered from depression at any time during the whole year |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers full life spans and include both currently ill people and recovered people who have had the disorder. These tend to be higher than other prevalences. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the number of new cases that occer over a given period of time. These are typically lower than prevalence rates |
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Term
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Definition
| term used to describe the presence of two or more disorders in the same person. Tend to be high in people who have severe forms of mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| often referred to as the father of modern medicine. He classified all mental disorders into 3 general categories-mania, melancholia, and phrenitis-and gave detailed clinical descriptions of the specific disorders included in each category. He also considered dreams to be important in understanding a patients personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Widespread occurrence of group behavior disorders that were apparently cases of hysteria |
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Term
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Definition
| German physician who was one of the 1st to specialize in in mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Sanctuaries or place of refuge meant solely for the care of the mentally ill. |
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Term
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Definition
| a wide ranging method of treatment that focused on a patients social, individual, and occupational needs |
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Term
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Definition
| Advocated a method of treatment that focused almost exclusively on the physical well being of hospitalized mental patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| The closing of mental hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| attempted to put his views into practice in Vienna and he opened a clinic where he treated various diseases by using animal magnetism. In a dark room patients were seated around a tub containing various chemicals and iron rods protruding from the tub were applied to the affected areas of the patients bodies. His methods became known as MESMERISM |
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Term
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Definition
| Physicians that accepted that hysteria was a form of self hypnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional release (found when freud induced hypnosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| involved having patients talk freely about themselves thereby providing info about their feelings, motives, and so forth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved having patients record and describe their dreams. Helped physicians understand emotional problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Watson changed the focus of psychology to the study of overt behavior rather than the study of theoretical mentalistic constructs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Good but info collected can only be applied to that one individual and not a population |
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Term
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Definition
| Surveys, questionnaires, etc. Can be misleading b.c people can lie |
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Term
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Definition
| researchers use this to test their hypotheses, this is a group of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied but who are comparable in all other major respects to the criterion group (Group W/ disorder) |
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Term
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Definition
| Does not involve any manipulation of variables. instead, the researcher selects groups of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| idea is to identify individuals who have a higher-than-average likelihood of becoming psychologically disordered and to focus on them before the disorder developes. |
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Term
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Definition
| We study not the real thing but some approximation to it. these can also involve humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases the probability of a disorder developing but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influences that modify a persons response to environmental stressors, making it less likely that the person will experience the adverse consequences of the stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances. |
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Term
| Developmental Psychopathology |
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Definition
| Focuses on determining what is abnormal at any time in development by comparing and contrasting it with the normal and expected changes that occur in the course of development |
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Term
| Biopsychosocial Viewpoint |
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Definition
| acknowledges that biological,psychosocial, and sociocultural factors all interact and play a role in psychopathology and treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny filled space between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical substances that are released into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron when a nerve impulse occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messengers secreted by a set of endocrine glands in our bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which is the master gland of the body, producing a variety of hormones that regulate or control the other endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of very long molecules of DNA and are present at various locations on chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chainlike structures within a cell nucleus that contain the genes |
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Term
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Definition
| Mobilizes the body to deal with stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Persons total genetic endowment |
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Term
| Genotype-environmental correlation |
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Definition
| When the genotype shapes the environmental experiences a chile has in this way. |
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Term
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Definition
| field that focuses on studying the heritablilty of mental disorders as well as other aspects of psychological functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| requires that an investigator observe samples of realtives of each proband or index case to see whether the incidence increases in proportion to the degree of hereditary relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd approach used to study genetic influences on abnormal behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| requires that an investigator observe samples of realtives of each proband or index case to see whether the incidence increases in proportion to the degree of hereditary relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of twins sharing the disorder or trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| studies of mental disorders capitalize on several current known locations on chromosomes of genes for other inherited physical characteristics or biological processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| start with a large group of individuals both with and without a given disorder. researchers compare the frequencies in the people with and without the disorder, of certain genetic markers that are known to be located on particular chomosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a child's reactivity and characteristic ways of self regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| source of instinctual drives and is the first structure to appear in infancy |
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Term
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Definition
| mediates between the demands of the id and the realities of the external world |
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Term
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Definition
| Outgrowth of internalizing the taboos and moral values of society concerning what is right and wrong (referred to as the conscious) |
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Term
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Definition
| underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of info and often leads to distortions in attention, memory, and comprehension. |
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Term
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Definition
| our views of who we are, what we might become, and what is important to us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parents both very warm and very careful to set clear standards and limits on certain kinds of behaviors, while allowing considerable freedoms within these limits. they tend to be attentive and sensitive to their child's needs while still enforcing limits. associated with most positive development. |
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Term
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Definition
| high on control but low on warmth. they often appear quiet cold and demanding. their children tend to be conflicted, moody, and irritable. |
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Term
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Definition
| high on warmth but low on discipline and control. associated with aggressive and compulsive behavior in childhood |
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Term
| neglectful/uninvolved parenting |
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Definition
| low on both warmth and control. tend to be disengaged and not supportive of children. associated with disruptions during attachment during childhood. |
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