Term
|
Definition
| enduring pattern of sexual behavior (paraphilia, gender identity disorder) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interruptions, disruptions in sexual function (ED, OD) |
|
|
Term
| Politically enforced ignorance |
|
Definition
| Politicians don't want to allow research on a controversial subject |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse, male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistent involuntary spasm of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina, interferes with sexual function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refer to events or states that reside within the person, are proposed to help understand or explain someone's behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure used to measure a theoretical construct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sex therapy; couple spends time in quiet, relaxed setting, leaning to touch each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual attraction, arousal, and gratification brought about by unusual means or situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Male disorder; Unusual sexual pattern focused on body parts of women or inanimate objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gratification from wearing clothes of opposite sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender identity disorder of adulthood; Deep abiding sense of identity in opposite biological sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rejection of their own sex, view themselves deeply as opposite sex |
|
|
Term
| Sex difference in Prevalence of Sexual Disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevalence of Transsexualism |
|
Definition
1 in 30,000 men
1 in 100,000-200,000 women |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Transsexualism |
|
Definition
Physiological: Unusual exposure to prenatal male/female hormones
Psychological: Parents really wanted opposite sex child, so they treated them as such |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Transsexualism |
|
Definition
Psychotherapy: Psychoanalytic, Sexual inversion (Oedipal relationship to opposite parent)
Sex Change Surgery: Mostly focus on male to female change, now required to take hormones for 2 years before surgery |
|
|
Term
| Legal definition of Paraphilias |
|
Definition
| Interferes with the rights of others |
|
|
Term
| Etiological theories of Fetishism: Psychoanalytic |
|
Definition
Psychosexual theory: Something went wrong in normal sexual development, so they have to use the object in replacement.
Oedipal complex
Displacement - divides sexual interest to shoes out of fear of his dad castrating him |
|
|
Term
| Etiological theories of Fetishism: Learning theory |
|
Definition
Learned patterns of arousal, gratification
(Imagination of partners leads to actual partners (boy liking shoes and masturbating))
Reinforcement of unusual pattern and fear of normal sexual interaction |
|
|
Term
| Etiological theories of Fetishism: Brain functioning |
|
Definition
| Disruptions associated with attraction, patterns of sexual responding |
|
|
Term
| Transvestism vs. Transexualism |
|
Definition
Transvestites do not identify with women, they just like wearing their clothes.
No deep abiding sense of identity with women |
|
|
Term
| Transvestism vs. Crossdressing |
|
Definition
| Transvestism - enduring pattern, required for arousal (for gay men usually) |
|
|
Term
| Etiological theories of Paraphilia: Learning theory |
|
Definition
| Conditioning; have to be introduced to it, and they learn it through example |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of paraphilias |
|
Definition
| Enduring, exclusive (outweighs importance of normal sexual acts), act on or be distressed by |
|
|
Term
| Sexual sadism or masochism |
|
Definition
| Inflicting pain or humiliation on others, or on themselves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual attraction, arousal and gratification brought on by watching other people have sex when they don't know you're watching
Against the law everywhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal, attraction and gratification brought on by exposing genitals to others
Almost entirely male, driving force is thinking the other person would be ashamed |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic theory of Exhibitionism |
|
Definition
| Unresolved Oedipal conflict (suspicion that father may have castrated him, reaction of women give him assurance they are still there) |
|
|
Term
| Behavior theory of Exhibitionism |
|
Definition
| Early in adolescence, sexual attraction, arousal and gratification was learned that way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual attraction, arousal, gratification focused on children
Strong negative effects on society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follows patterns of paraphilia; enduring, exclusive, long lasting, part of the person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Under times of stress, move backward to a lower level of adjustment (like a child), engage in pedophilic behavior |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of paraphilias: Behavioral |
|
Definition
Aversion therapy: shocks, punishments
Has to be highly motivated to change, fetishistic
Orgasmic reorientation: encouraging normal patterns of sexual activity. Little evidence of long term effects |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Paraphilias: Hormonal interventions |
|
Definition
Pharmacological: interruption of normal hormonal function. Sexual activity level goes down dramatically, can almost erase fetish.
**Not that effective on paraphilia that involves violation of rights of others. Can reduce behaviors.
Physical castration: Eliminate hormone, eliminate fetish. No one has tried it, but it has been threatened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fully clothed person becomes sexually aroused by rubbing his genitals against other, nonconsenting people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our sense of being male or female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Male child born without ability to produce male sex hormones, so their sexual organs look ambiguous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of characteristics timed with age of person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time you were born (baby boomer era, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time we ask questions and make judgments (how are things different from the 70s to now?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gradual and global deterioration of thinking and intellectual function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classic - slowly and gradually attacks abstract thinking, memory, and all other aspects of intellect
50-60% of all dementia patients have it
Genetic Contribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dementia that causes deterioration of motor control, uncontrollable movements
Genetic disorder |
|
|
Term
| Vascular (Cerebral) Dementia |
|
Definition
| Accumulation of strokes in brain, each one destroys a bit, causing global deterioration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fastest to cause dementia
CNS greatly affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depression is a vicious cycle, Dementia just goes in one direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudden, rapid onset dementia
Drug intoxication/withdrawal, fever, metabolic disruptions, head injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of memory from events prior to onset of illness, or experience of traumatic event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to learn or remember new material after a point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss or impairment in language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty performing purposeful movements in response to verbal commands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensory functions are unimpaired, but unable to identify source of stimulation (auditory, tactile, visual sensations) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tics, tremors, jerky movements associated with dementia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary muscle movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deposits in cells found in brain stem nuclei of Parkinson's Disease patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refusal to eat enough to maintain a normal, healthy body weight.
Causes an interruption in menstruation for at least 3 months.
BMI < 17.5
Fear of becoming fat. |
|
|
Term
| Course/Outcome of Anorexia |
|
Definition
Emerges between 14-18
Some women recover from it (once they establish themselves, or get treatment)
People can DIE from it - 5-10% will starve themselves to death |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Anorexia: Psychoanalytic |
|
Definition
Psychosexual development: afraid of becoming an adult woman, symbolic way of holding back is to refuse eating.
Food symbolic of having sex (foreign object in body, abdomen swells) |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Anorexia: Sociocultural |
|
Definition
Origins in cultural expectations (media, parents, peers)
Women need to be concerned with thinness and attractiveness
Most prevalent in those trying to appeal to MEN |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Anorexia: Behavioral |
|
Definition
Phobia of food: conditioned learning (learns to avoid becoming fat by not eating)
Avoid things they are afraid of (avoid food at all costs) |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Anorexia: Family Systems |
|
Definition
Pulling self out of family of origin and redefine self in association with peers.
Family refuses change (makes adolescent girl too dependent on them), girl takes control of the only thing she can; how much and if she eats |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Anorexia: Bioregulatory |
|
Definition
| Emerges from a brain defect regarding regulation of food consumption |
|
|
Term
| Restricting type of Anorexia |
|
Definition
| Starves self, maintains significantly lower than healthy body weight |
|
|
Term
| Binging/Purging type of Anorexia |
|
Definition
| Occasionally binge and purge, but keep the criteria for anorexia (significantly below normal body weight) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Anorexia: Inpatient Care |
|
Definition
Forcibly get people to eat (tube down throat)
Behavior therapy (eat this, then you can watch TV) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Anorexia: Drug treatments |
|
Definition
TCAs, SSRIs
Doesnt make disorder go away, but significantly improves cognitive symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Anorexia: Cognitive/Behavior therapy |
|
Definition
| Teaching them skills, and then challenge irrational cognition (think clearly about things) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Anorexia: Family systems therapy |
|
Definition
The girl is expressing the problem the family is having with important developmental changes
Doesnt focus on food, very effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeated episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, or excessive exercise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only restrict food for limited periods of time (2-3 days)
Once they get down to 15% below normal, they binge on food. Feel guilty, purge food out to compensate.
Don't normally lose any weight. |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Bulimia: Psychoanalytic |
|
Definition
| Birth control, afraid of sex |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Bulimia: Sociocultural |
|
Definition
Impulsivity
Hunger so strong resulting in a binge, then guilt
Pressures get translated to physiology and learning processes |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Bulimia: Behavioral/Cognitive |
|
Definition
Accidental pattern people get stuck in
Fear of being fat that is out of realistic range
They think behavior is adaptive, they need an education about the goals they are trying to accomplish |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Bulimia: Bioregulatory |
|
Definition
We are evolutionarily prepared to survive by binging and restricting.
Exitatory control center is fluxuating back and forth from extremes (binge and purge two extremes) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Bulimia: Cognitive/Behavioral |
|
Definition
Therapy for certain hours a week for so many weeks, homework to do for it
People who see improvement early seem essentially cured |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Bulimia: Drug Treatments |
|
Definition
TCAs, SSRIs
Spend less time worrying about weight, less dietary restriction, less likely to engage in compensatory behavior |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Bulimia: Promising Treatments, Interpersonal Therapy |
|
Definition
Don't focus on the food or the ideas of body image
Focus on interactions with other people, ability to make strong emotional connections |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Bulimia: Promising Treatments, Dialectical Behavioral therapy |
|
Definition
| When the client trusts the therapist and is motivated to change, they can start making progress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classic bulimia
Engage in use of vomiting or laxatives to get rid of food |
|
|
Term
| Bulimia - Non purging type |
|
Definition
Restrict, binge, feel guillty, engage in exercise
Intermediate between purging type and Binge Eating disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restriction and binging, but no psychological reaction (not guilty about binging) |
|
|
Term
| Eating Disorder NOS (not otherwise specified) |
|
Definition
| I think the person has a problem, but it doesnt quite fit the categories |
|
|
Term
| Sex differences in prevalence: eating disorders |
|
Definition
| Many more women than men - Social predators men don't face, differences in brain construct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cessation of at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognition of internal cues, including hunger and various emotional state (predicts development of eating disorders 2 years in the future) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disorder of childhood. Acting out on his/her environment.
UNDERCONTROLLED
ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Information they take in and how it affects his/her self.
OVERCONTROLLED
Separation Anxiety, Phobias, Depression |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition System |
|
Definition
BAS - to want to act upon your environment, feel rewarded by it (high), or distressed, fearful of acting on environment (low)
BIS - disengage, stop in bad situation, controls behavior (high), or less likely to control behaviors (low) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of externalizing disorders |
|
Definition
Involve violations of age-appropriate social rules; disobeying parents or teachers, violating social norms, violating the law
Some misconduct is normal, perhaps healthy
Often negative, angry, aggressive, impulsive (Low BIS) |
|
|
Term
| Adolescent limited behavior |
|
Definition
| behavior that ends along with the teen years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antisocial behavior that extends into adult life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal direction of behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperactivity, attention deficit, impulsivity. Best treated with medication. Often comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) |
|
Definition
Negative, hostile, defiant behavior.
Minor transgression refusal; refusing to obey adult request, arguing, acting angry. Requiring psychological treatment (psychotherapy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persistent pattern of serious rule violation (juvenile delinquency). Most violations are illegal (assault or robbery)
Juvenile delinquency is a legal classification, not a mental health term |
|
|
Term
| Frequency of Externalizing Disorders |
|
Definition
from 2 to 10 times as many boys as girls have an externalizing disorder
Prevalence declines with age, but declines much earlier for girls than boys |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Childhood disorders: Biological |
|
Definition
Temperament: easy or difficult
ADHD genetic contributions |
|
|
Term
| Etiology of Childhood disorders: Social factors |
|
Definition
Socialization: process of shaping children's behavior to conform with expectations of society.
Parenting styles: discipline, authoritative parenting
Coercion: positively reinforcing a child's misbehavior by giving into child's demands. Child then negatively reinforces parents by ending behavior upon capitulation |
|
|
Term
| Family Predictors of childhood disorders |
|
Definition
Low income
Overcrowding at home
Maternal depression
Paternal antisocial behavior
Conflict between parents
Removal of child from home |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Childhood disorders: Psychostimulants |
|
Definition
Ritalin and Adderall
Effects on attention and learning are less certain, can improve some symptoms
Minor side effects - sleep differences
Major side effects - motor tics, slowed physical growth |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of childhood disorders: Adolescents |
|
Definition
Behavioral family therapy - teaches parents to be very clear and specific about expectations for children's behavior and reward positively for good actions while mildly punishing misbehavior.
Multisystemic therapy - combines family therapy and behavioral interventions
Residential programs - adolescents with serious conduct problems or especially troubled families are put in a group home and treated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeated behavioral offenses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| significant departure from age-appropriate norms in specific areas of functioning (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalulia) |
|
|
Term
| Separation anxiety disorder |
|
Definition
| persistent and excessive worries about the safety of an attachment figure, fears of getting lost or kidnapped, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refusal to go to school, accompanied by stomachaches or headaches (can be traced to separation anxiety) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which children learn to identify, evaluate, and control their feelings based on the reactions, attitudes, and advice of their parents and others in their social world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excessive eating of nonnutritive substances (dirt, paint).
Repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeated motor and verbal tics, interfere substantially with life functioning |
|
|
Term
| Selective mutism/Reactive attachment disorder |
|
Definition
Consistent failure to speak in certain situations.
Severely disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inappropriately controlled urination and defecation, respectively. Treated with bell and pad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Unable to tell right from wrong, product of an irresistable impulse, product of a mental disease
b. At the time of the crime
c. Once it's done, it's done
d. Very few cases
e. Guilty but mentally ill (alternative); whether crime was committed, or decide if person was psychotic |
|
|
Term
| Competency to stand trial |
|
Definition
a. At the time of the Trial
b. Subject to period review (check back every 90 days to see if still incompetent)
c. Psychotic, demented, mentally retarded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Not criminal
b. Too dangerous to selves/others to have complete freedom - prevention technique
c. Period review REQUIRED
d. 2 physicians or 1 physician, 1 psychologist to do review |
|
|
