Term
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Definition
-Deviance- behaviors, thoughts, emotions, considered incompatible with cultural norms, and specific circumstances
-Distress- (doesnt have to be this because they could enjoy being abnormal- egosyntonic)- thoughts, behaviors, and ideas must cause distress before being considered abnormal
-dysfunction-behavior interferes with daily functioning so that they cannot care for themselves properly and participate in ordinary social interactions or work productively
-danger-behaviors, actions are dangerous to oneself or others- placing self or others at rist |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental illness is a myth, and not based in biological malfunctioning like medical illnesses are. there are no biological causes, and thus no real biological treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
looked at problems with psychiatric diagnosis- conducted by david rosenhan in 1973- on being sane in insane places
-healthy participants acted as "pseudopatients" and were admitted into 12 different psychiatric hospitals
-all were admitted and diagnosed- after diagnosis, they acted normal and told the staff they were fine
the staff said they were still having ongoing mental illness- conlcusion was that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane and that there are dangers of dehumanization and labeling in psychiatric hospitals |
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Term
| biological model of abnormal psych |
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Definition
-physical process is key to human behavior
-focus on problems with brain anatomy and chemistry- abnormal levels of chemicals in endocrine system, neurotransmitters, etc
-role of inheretance in mood and mental disorders
-evolution can cause abnormal behavior- genes and environmental development and mutations
-viral infections can cause abnormal behavior
-use drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy and neurosurgery to fix abnormal activity
etiology- genes/ mutations, neuroanatomical deficits, viruses, biochemistry, brain damage, trauma, prenatal development |
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Term
| psychodynamic model of abnormal psych |
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Definition
persons behavior-normal or abnormal- determined by underlying psychological forces outside of conscious awareness
-deterministic- all symptoms and behaviors are determined by past experiences
-id, ego, super ego imbalances cause abnormalities
-fixation during a developmental stage can cause abnormalities
-therapists try to get at unconscious to derive source of abnormal behaviors
-etiology-childhood development/ trauma, fixations, malfunctions in id, ego, superego, unconscious processes |
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Term
| behavioral model of abnormal psych |
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Definition
-actions determined by our experiences, we are shaped by our environment
-people are sum total of learned behaviors- conditioning
abnormal functioning can come about through operant, or classical conditioning, or modeling- where people learn responses by observing others behavior's
- stop phobias with systematic desensitization, or reverse conditioning
-etiology-classical, operant conditioning, enviornment, learned maladaptive behaviors |
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Term
| cognitive model of abnormal psych |
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Definition
abnormal functioning is a result of maladaptive thoughts, emotions and behaviors
-automatic assumptions can lead to it, as well as illogical thinking processes such as overgeneralizations
-attempt to correct abnormal behavior by stopping the maladaptive thoughts, and illogical thinking
etiology-illogical/ irrational thinking, ineffective ways of thinking |
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Term
| humanistic-existential model |
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Definition
grouped together
-humanistic- humans born naturally friendly, constructive, good, etc.
-humans self actualize- driven to fill full potential, when they dont do this it can lead to abnormal functioning because they cannot accept their strengths and weaknesses and go through life accordingly
existentialists- humans must have an accurate awareness of themselves to live meaningful lives
-humans not naturally incluned to live constructively
-freedom at birth- we can face existence and give meaning to lives or shrink from that responsibility- self deception
-treatment through helping clients understand their lives, their strengths, and accepting their weaknesses- humanistic also use positive regard to negate bad conditions of worth
-etiology-not self actualizing, not reaching potential, not accepting strengths/ weaknesses, distoreted/ negative sense of self worth |
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Term
| sociocultural model of abnormal psych |
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Definition
two perspectives- family and multicultural
family- abnormal functioning influenced by labels and roles assigned to troubled people- looks at persons social network and supports
-treatment through group therapies to help cope with all roles and labels a person has in their life
multicultural- each culture within a larger society has a set of values and beleifs that help account for behavior of its members- this can lead to prejudice and discrimination which can lead to stress and abnormal functioning
-treatment looks to be sensitive to the particular cultures needs
-etiology-S.E.S., family structure/ communication, social labels/ networks, culture, gender, sexual orientation |
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Term
| biopsychosocial theoryies |
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Definition
| emphasize intersection of biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences on psychological distress |
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Term
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Definition
underlying vulnerability+ stress can trigger abnormal functioning
vulnerability can be:
psychological: social pressures, depressogenic thinking, ect.
biological: genetic predispositions, viral infections, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| integrating several theoretical orientations in conceptualizing mental illness |
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Term
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Definition
| utilizing therapeutic techniques across theoretical orientations to treat mental illness (ex. cognitive-behavioral therapies |
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