Term
|
Definition
Deviant behavior
Dysfunctional behavior
Distress
Dangerous |
|
|
Term
| norm violators or deviants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Make people uncomfortable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can immediately be detected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative judgments towards violators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preventing an individual from thriving or adapting |
|
|
Term
| Pragmatic or survival value |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual feels abnormal |
|
|
Term
| Deviation from an ideal life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 reason people go to mental heath clinic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 reason people are unhappy with life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engaged in dangerous behavior |
|
|
Term
| Risk of harm to self or others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 criteria to characterize mental illness |
|
Definition
1. Risk of harm to self or others
2. Poor reality contact
3. Emotional reactions that are inappropriate to situation
4. Erratic behavior that shifts unpredictably |
|
|
Term
| two types of poor reality contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinking something in true that clearly isn’t |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| healer does procedure to reduce danger, distress, dysfunction and deviance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a delusion of turning into a wild animal; usually a wolf |
|
|
Term
| Kinds of delusions reflect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Responses to AB are shaped by: |
|
Definition
Complexity of the society
Presumed cause or etiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three reasons for Trephination |
|
Definition
i. Treatment for ‘out of control’ behavior
ii. Placed roughly into frontal lobe
iii. Allowing ‘passage’ out of head |
|
|
Term
| Bethlehem Hospital (year and location) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moral Therapy stemmed from |
|
Definition
| Stemming from outrage at how ‘patients’ at Bethlehem Hospital treated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| created the idea of the humors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phlegm- sickly
Blood- mania
Black Bile- depression
Yellow Bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hippocrates humors and blood letting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cut patients and let them bleed out
Too much blood = mania |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stick blade into brain via eye, nose or temple |
|
|
Term
| father of psychopathology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nobel prize for developing lobotomy procedures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| year of Discovery of Antipsychotic medication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st FDA approved antipsychotic |
|
Definition
*CHLORPROMAZINE- major tranquilizer
(THORAZINE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delusions and hallucinations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug actions in the nervous system have provided insight into etiology of mental illness alerting to role of neurotransmitters systems |
|
|
Term
| *3 changes in TX of Mental Illness- resulting from antipsychotic medication |
|
Definition
1. Promoted deinstitutionalization
2. Promoted rehabilitation
3. Promoted TX goal of discharge |
|
|
Term
| Theories of a “Broken Heart” |
|
Definition
Medical View (Biological)
Psychodynamic View
Behavioral View- past learning; one’s skills
Cognitive Model- how we think
Social
Cultural |
|
|
Term
| discovered the layout of the course of syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Led to the Medical model of mental illness |
|
Definition
| discovering the layout of the course of syphilis |
|
|
Term
| Medical Model of Mental Illness believes that mental illness is |
|
Definition
| a chemical imbalance in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receive signals from other neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transmits signals to other neurons;
some are heavily insulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
insulates some axons;
not good if not insulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
end points;
connect with the next axon;
releases a neurotransmitter (molecule) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tailored for acceptance of particular molecules |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitter molecules |
|
Definition
charged particles;
can change the polarity of the postsynaptic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between terminal button and receptor sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| certain amount must get across in order for the message to get across and communicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located in the synaptic cleft;
collect any extra neurotransmitters and take them back to the terminal buttons;
reuptake |
|
|
Term
| Post-release Factors or Neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
Reuptake
Receptor Turn-over
Receptor Sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| happy feelings; stimulates pleasure centers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effect appetite and sleep and mood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives you energy; fight or flight response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants (SSRIs) increase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not enough serotonin in some areas |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia patients have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cannot be diagnosed with schizophrenia unless |
|
Definition
| someone in family is schizophrenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all medications have side effects |
|
|
Term
| Expert in the nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is our life force; our drive to survive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unskilled, undirected, raw libido; geared towards survival |
|
|
Term
| Governed by the pleasure principle; immediate satisfaction of urges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is channeled though the EGO with coping skills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structures that act on the reality principle |
|
|
Term
| Channeling energy into a purpose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defenses that shield you from core base drives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beginning of moral thinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| libido or energy devoted to protect the ego (one’s self) from anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Defensive Mechanisms |
|
Definition
Regression
Displacement
Projection
Rationalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
revert to immature patterns of behavior; crying
(immature skill) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
emotions directed at a substitute target;
angry at authority figure, take out on something they have authority over- kicking dog |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attribute own thoughts or ideas to another; interpret other’s behavior as being negative, though you are the negative one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
false but plausible excuses for behavior; reasons for not being able to attend
(mature skill) |
|
|
Term
| Defense Mechanisms are basically |
|
Definition
| interpersonal coping skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a society’s history, values, institutions habits, skills, technology, and arts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of institution that first became popular in the 16th century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons. |
|
|
Term
| Moral treatment (definition) |
|
Definition
| a 19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| state run public mental institution in the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that mainly effect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interventions aimed at determining mental disorders before they develop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits and abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observation to gain an understanding of a phenomenon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an experiment in which nature, rather than the experimenter, manipulates an independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations. Also called a paradigm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit |
|
|
Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
|
Definition
| form of biological treatment, used primarily on depressed patients, in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric currant passes through electrodes attached to the patient’s forehead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| according to psychoanalytic theory, strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce anxiety they arouse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| according to freud, a condition in which the id, ego and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage in development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reliving a past repressed feeling in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person’s mind and produce the same result. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed by Aaron Beck that helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients towards self recognition and self acceptance by using techniques such as role play and self discovery exercises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of the consistency of test or research results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test designed to measure a person’s intellectual ability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cluster of symptoms that usually occur together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a persistent and unreasonable fear or a particular object, activity, or situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon in which responses to one stimuli are also produced by a similar stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| predisposition to develop certain fears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavioral treatments in which person are exposed to the objects or situations they dread |
|
|
Term
| Systematic desensitization |
|
Definition
| behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that object as harmless |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| server and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistent thought, urge, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive and causes anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person’s attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally, making up for the unacceptable thoughts |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 models of Abnormality |
|
Definition
Dysfunction
Distress
Deviance
Danger |
|
|
Term
| What does Thomas Szasz say about MI |
|
Definition
places emphasis on society’s role
concept of mental illness to be invalid
societies invent the concept of mental illness
better control or change people |
|
|
Term
What are the 4 criteria or characteristics that have been used to describe MI?
PEER |
|
Definition
Risk of harm to self or others
Poor reality contact
Emotional reactions that are inappropriate to situation
Erratic behavior that shifts unpredictably |
|
|
Term
| What two global factors have been used to describe mental illness? |
|
Definition
Complexity of the society
Presumed cause or etiology of the illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Presumed cause of illness or disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term lunar effect refers to the belief that there is correlation between specific stages of the Earth's lunar cycle and behavior in animals, including humans. |
|
|
Term
| What effect on human behavior does the moon actually been shown to have? |
|
Definition
no correlation between the lunar cycle and human biology or behavior
possible connection between sleep quality and lunar phases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American activist
lobbying state legislatures
created the first generation of American mental asylums |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French physician
development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients
moral therapy
"the father of modern psychiatry" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Englishman
development of more humane methods in the custody and care of people with mental disorders
moral treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
German psychiatrist
he founder of modern scientific psychiatry
origin of psychiatric disease to be biological and genetic malfunction
discovered the layout of syphilis |
|
|
Term
| Name three changes in the treatment of MI that were usher in by the advent of anti-psychotic medication. |
|
Definition
Promoted deinstitutionalization
Promoted rehabilitation
Promoted TX goal of discharge |
|
|
Term
| Name the first FDA approved anti-psychotic medication |
|
Definition
CHLORPROMAZINE- major tranquilizer
(THORAZINE) |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Assessment. |
|
Definition
| A process of collection, organization, and interpretation of information about a person, their family, or significant others and their situation |
|
|
Term
| four components of Psychological Assessment. |
|
Definition
Interview is the foundation
Testing
Behavioral observations
Review of historical records |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what disorders could be present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describe and predict outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conveys Clinical Information
Remember description and prediction
Reflects the current state of research and theory
Provides rapport with patients and can offer comfort and hope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stigmatizing- negative stigma
Self-fulfilling Prophesy- treat patient a certain way because of Dx and makes ppl treat themselves a certain way
Provides Illusion of Explanation- explain normal reactions with Dx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the accuracy of a test’s or study’s results; that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what is claims. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the interview the most important assessment tool? |
|
Definition
| The best way to get to know people is to meet them face-to-face. Under these circumstances, we can see them react to what we do and say, observe as well as listen as they answer, and generally get the sense of who they are. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 parts of the interview. |
|
Definition
Demographic Information
Presenting Problem
Developmental History
Mental Status Exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavioral observation and some conclusions that cover a number of domains (attitude towards interviewer, appearance, speech, energy, thought content, etc) |
|
|
Term
| 2 chief criticisms of standardized intelligence testing |
|
Definition
Factors that have nothing to do with intelligence, such as low motivation or anxiety, can greatly influence test performance.
IQ tests may contain cultural biases in their language or tasks that place people of one background at advantage over those of another. |
|
|
Term
| Name three sources of biological abnormalities |
|
Definition
Genetics
Evolution
Viral Infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term can also be used to cover the repetition of behavior or life patterns more broadly: a "key component in Freud's understanding of mental life, 'repetition compulsion'...describes the pattern whereby people endlessly repeat patterns of behavior which were difficult or distressing in earlier life.” |
|
|
Term
| 5 characteristics of the behavioral school of clinical psychology |
|
Definition
Objective assessment
Focus on the individual
The symptom is the disorder
“Normal” & “Abnormal"
Determinism |
|
|
Term
| Systematic Desensitization developed in ___ by _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systematic Desensitization steps |
|
Definition
Teach relaxation
Develop hierarchy of fears
Pair discussion of fears with relaxation exercises
Move to ‘in vivo’ exposure |
|
|
Term
| What is the ‘in vivo’ desensitization? |
|
Definition
real life experiences
bring in professional
this experience can go on for a while
providing exposure and response prevention
reducing the avoiding behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consequences of the behavior that determine if the behavior is more or less likely to happen again in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relationship between behavior and some environmental consequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something good happens as an effect, more likely to do it again (always increases the behavior that came before) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something positive is added to the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something negative is removed from the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something negative happens as an effect of a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rational- Emotive Therapy |
|
|
Term
| Rational- Emotive Therapy |
|
Definition
| a cognitive therapy developed by Ellis that helps clients identify and change irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proposed that cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
we can best understand abnormal functioning by looking to cognition
cognitive model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take one incident and make a global judgment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| look only at negative data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blow it way out of proportion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The field of psychology that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and similar factors on out behaviors and thoughts, including abnormal behaviors and thoughts. |
|
|
Term
| What are three key features of treatment? |
|
Definition
A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer
A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise si accepted by the sufferer and his or her social group
A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer… tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes and behavior. |
|
|
