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Abnormal Psychology
Final
81
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/06/2012

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Term
Construct Validity
Definition
The degree to which treatment effects in an experiment can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms represented in the independent variables is called _______.
Term
Psychological Disorder
Definition
Abnormal behavior pattern that involved a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior
Term
Abnormal Psychology
Definition
Deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns
Term
Criteria for Determining Abnormality (Name the most common 6)
Definition
1. Unusualness
2. Social deviance
3. Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
4. Significant personal distress
5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior
6. Dangerousness
Term
Unusualness
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:

-Uncommon behavior, seeing or hearing things
Term
Social deviance
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:

-Behavior deemed normal in one culture may be viewed abnormal in another.
Term
Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:

-Holding unfounded ideas or delusions, such as ideas of persecution that the CIA or the Mafia are out to get you, can be sign of a mental disturbance
Term
Significant personal distress
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality

-caused by troublesome emotions, such as anxiety, fear, or depression
-long, persistent, and impair
Term
Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality

-Behavior that leads to unhappiness rather than self-fulfillment can be regarded as abnormal behavior.
-limits ability to function in expected roles
Term
Dangerousness
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:

-Harmful to oneself or other people may be considered abnormal.
Term
phlegm
Definition
A lethargic or sluggish person was believed to have an excess
Term
Black bile
Definition
An overabundance of _____ was believed to cause depression, or melancholia.
Term
Blood
Definition
An excess of ____ created a sanguine disposition: cheerful, confident, and optimistic.
Term
yellow bile
Definition
An excess ____ made people “bilious” and choleric—quick-tempered, that is.
Term
Jean-Baptiste Pussin and Philippe Pinel
Definition
argued that people who behave abnormally suffer from diseases and should be treated humanely.
Term
Correlational Method
Definition
-Scientific method of study that examines the relationships between factors, variables expressed in statistical terms
Term
Correlation Coefficient
Definition
A statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that varies between −1.00 and +1.00.
Term
Selection Factor
Definition
A type of bias in which differences between experimental and control groups result from differences in the type of participants in the groups, not from the independent variable.
Term
Experimental method
Definition
A scientific method that aims to discover cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
Factors that are manipulated in experiments.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Factors that are observed in order to determine the effects of manipulation the independent variable
Term
single-blind placebo-control
Definition
Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment conditions in which they receive either an active drug (experimental condition) or an inert placebo (placebo-control condition), but are kept blind, or uninformed, about which drug they receive
Term
Internal Validity
Definition
The degree to which manipulation of the independent variables can be causally related to changes in the dependent variables
Term
External Validity
Definition
The degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions.
Term
Epidemiological studies
Definition
examine the rates of occurrence of abnormal behavior in various settings or population groups
Term
Incidence
Definition
the number of new cases of a disorder that occurs within a specific period of time.
Term
Proband
Definition
The case first diagnosed with a given disorder.
Term
Single-case experimental design
Definition
A type of case study in which the subject is used as his or her own control
Term
incidence
Definition
In the epidemiological model, the number of new cases of a disorder occurring during a specific period of time are known as ______.
Term
random sample
Definition
every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen to be in the experimental sample
Term
stress and depression are somehow related to each other
Definition
A high positive correlation between stress and depression demonstrates that _______.
Term
underuse, overuse
Definition
The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) called attention to the ______ of proven treatments and the ______ of treatments for which little evidence exist.
Term
Medulla
Definition
An area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, respirtation, and blood pressure.
Term
Pons
Definition
structure in hindbrain involved in body movements, attention, sleep, and respiration.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
coordination and balance
Term
Thalamus
Definition
forebrain, relays sensory information to the cortex and in processes related to sleep and attention
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
regulates body temperature, emotions, and motivation
Term
Limbic System
Definition
-Emotional processing, memory, basic drives such as hunger, thirst, and aggression
Term
Basal ganglia
Definition
Assemblage of neurons at the base of the forebrain involved in coordinating motor (movement) processes, regulating postural movements.
Term
Somatic nervous system
Definition
division of peripheral nervous system that relays information from organs to brain
Term
Object relations
Definition
internalized representations of personalities of parents
Term
cognitive psychology
Definition
`The view that abnormality results from faulty storage, input, or retrieval of information is central to
Term
Diathesis-stress
Definition
The psychological model which argues that abnormal behaviors are often caused by a combination of genetically inherited vulnerabilities and various life stresses is
Term
humanistic
Definition
Maria goes to a therapist for treatment for her text anxiety. Therapist helps Maria find her own explanation of what is wrong and focuses on how various events in her life, including her test anxiety, have kept her from living authentically.
Term
emphasize observable behaviors
Definition
Learning models of behavior, in contrast to psychodynamic approaches
Term
Behavioral
Definition
Gloria has test anxiety her therapist says that her problem is a learned reaction to the extreme demands for achievement placed on her by her parents. She said Gloria can learn to correct her problem by learning to relax in test-taking situations. This is called___model of treatment.
Term
humans could be classically conditioned
Definition
The little albert study demonstrated that
Term
associated
Definition
According to classical conditioning, learning occurs when stimuli are
Term
Projection
Definition
A sexually frustrated woman interprets innocent glances from others as sexual advances. Her defense mechanism is___
Term
demonic possession and natural
Definition
In the Middle Ages, abnormal behaviors were classified according to
Term
DSM-IV/DSM-IV-TR
Definition
The current classification system used by most mental health professionals to assess abnormal behavior
Term
Axis II
Definition
Diagnoses such as borderline personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder are described under
Term
Dissociative identity disorder
Definition
____most commonly found in developed countries
Term
test-retest reliability
Definition
methods of assessment that yield similar results on separate occasions are said to have____
Term
validity
Definition
degree to which test instruments measure what they are intended to do
Term
criterion validity
Definition
Degree to which responses correlate with an independent external standard of what the assessment technique is intended to assess
Term
Clinical interview
Definition
most widely used means of assessment
Term
as good as humans at obtaining information from a client and at reaching an accurate diagnosis
Definition
A review of research suggest that the best computer programs are_______
Term
psychodynamic
Definition
Projective test are based upon ______theories.
Term
antipsychotic
Definition
Tardive dyskinesia is closely associated with
Term
selective serotonin reuptake
Definition
Among antidepressant meds, which inibitor has the fewest side effects
Term
take it forever
Definition
People using lithium to control bipolar disorder usually___
Term
deinstitutionalization
Definition
shifting the burden of care of the mentally ill from state hospitals to local communities
Term
biological
Definition
Growing emphasis in American psychiatry on the ___ bases of abnormal behavior.
Term
suspiciousness and reserve
Definition
A culturally sensitive therapist who is treating an African American woman for depression would understand and value the clients _________.
Term
briefer and more direct treatments with curbs on inpatient care
Definition
Because of the predominance of managed care systems in authorizing payment for mental health treatment, today there is a greater emphasis on________
Term
Meta-analyses
Definition
the effectiveness of various psychotherapies may have more to do with the features they share than the specific techniques which set them apart
Term
psychosomatic
Definition
Physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role are known as ____ disorders.
Term
two out of three
Definition
about ____ cases of migranies in women between 15 and 55 years
Term
Cognitive behavioral
Definition
this type of therpay has been found to help angry people control emotions
Term
high self-efficacy expectancies
Definition
Lower secretion of stress hormones is associated with ____.
Term
emotion-focused coping
Definition
Avoidance and denial are forms of _____.
Term
Mexican Americans born in the Us.
Definition
In a Northern California sample, research found better mental health among Mexican immigrants than among _____.
Term
diseases
Definition
If a source of stress is unrelenting and enduring, Selye believes that we will develop _______.
Term
alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
Definition
The proper sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome are ____.
Term
Emotion-focused coping
Definition
A coping style that involves reducing the impact of a stressor by ignoring or escaping it rather than dealing with it directly.
Term
Problem-focused coping
Definition
A coping style that involves confronting a stressor directly.
Term
Self-efficacy expectancies
Definition
Beliefs in one’s ability to cope with challenges and to accomplish particular tasks.
Term
psychological hardiness
Definition
A cluster of stress-buffering traits characterized by:

1. commitment
2.Challenge
3. Control over their lives
Term
Type A behavior pattern (TABP)
Definition
A behavior pattern characterized by a sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility.
(negative emotions)
Term
Emotional stress
Definition
form of persistent negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger, is a risk factor in heart-related problems.
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