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| The scientific study of abnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning |
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| A society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct |
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| A people's common history, values, insitutions, habits, skills, and arts |
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| Deviant, Distressing, Dysfunctional, Dangerous |
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| An unusual pattern that others have no right to interfer with. |
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| A procedure designed to help change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. Also called therapy. |
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| An ancient operation in which a stone instrument as used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior. |
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| The practice in early societies of treating abnormality by coaxing evil spirits to leave the body. |
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| People thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals. |
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| According to Greek and Roman physicians, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning |
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| A type of institution that first became popular in the 16th century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became prisoners |
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| A 19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful behavior |
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| (1802-1887) Made humane care a public concern in the US. She personally established 32 state hospitals |
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| The view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes |
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| The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychologoical |
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| Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology |
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| Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptons of mental dysfunctioning |
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| The practice begun in the 1960s of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals |
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| Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop |
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| The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abillities |
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| A set of assumptions and concepts that helps scientists explain and interpret observations. |
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| A chemical that released by one neuron, crosses the synamptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons. |
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| The chemicals released by glands into the bloodstream |
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| Chromosome segments that ontrol the characteristics and traits we inherit |
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| Antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron. |
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| A long fiber extending from the neuron body. There are nerve endings at the far end of the neuron |
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| An abnormal form of the appropiate gene that emerges by accident |
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| Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ETC) |
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| A form of biological treatment, used primarily on depressed patients, in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes throught the elctrodes attached to the patient's forehead. |
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| Biological theorists view abnormal behavior as an illness brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism. THey point to a malfunctioning brain as the cause. |
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| According to Freud, the psychological force that produces instinctual needs, drives, and impulses |
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| According to Freud, the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principle |
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| Strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse. |
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| According to Freud, the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals |
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| A condition in which the id,ego and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development |
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| The consciously remembered dream, latent content is its symbolic meaning |
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| The theory that emphasizes the role of the go and considers it an independent force |
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| The theory that emphasizes the role of the self |
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| A technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind |
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| An unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy |
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| A process that occurs during psychotherapy, in which patients act toward the therapist as they did or do toward important figues in their lives |
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| A series of ideas and images that form during sleep |
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| The reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems |
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| The psychoanalytic process of facing conflicts, reinterpreting feelings, and overcoming one's problem |
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| A simple form of learning |
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| A process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated |
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| A process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating feelings |
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| Learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occure close together in time become fused in a person's mind producing the same response |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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| Treatment in which clients with phobias learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear |
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| Aaron Beck, helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking |
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| Humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth |
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| Humanistic theory developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness |
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| The humanistic therapy developed by Perls in which clinicians actively move clients tword self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role-playing and self-discovery exercises. |
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| A therapt that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning |
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| Explanations that attribute the cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, etc. influences |
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| Consists of efforts to improve community attitudes and policies. It's goal is to prevent psychological disorders althogether |
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| Consists of identifying and treating psychological disorders in early stages, before they become serious |
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| Provides effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long term problems |
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| Idiographic Understanding |
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| An understanding of the behavior of a particular individual |
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| Process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or subject |
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| Process in which a test is administered to large group of people, whose performance then serves as a common standard or norm against which any individuals score can be measured |
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| A measure of the consistency of test or research results |
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| The accuracy of a test's pr study's result. The extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims. |
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| A face-to-face encounter in which clinicians ask questions of clients and learn about them and their problems |
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| A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and natur of a client's abnormal functioning |
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| A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's psychological functioning |
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| A test consisting of material that people interpret or respond to. EX: inkblot |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The most widely used personality inventory. Consists of 550 self-statements to be labeled true or false |
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| A test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability |
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| A general score derived from intelligence tests that is considered to represent a person's overall level of intelligence |
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| A determination that a person's problems reflect a particular disorder |
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| A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together |
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| Diagnostic and Statistical Mental Disorder. Lists about 400 mental disorders |
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| The central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one's well being |
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| The central nervous system's phsyiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger |
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| Generallized Anxiety Disorder |
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| A disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities |
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| Cognitive Theory developed by Ellis which helps clients to identify and change their irrational assumptions and thinking that cause their psychological disorder |
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| A persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation |
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| A sever and persistent fear of a specific object or situation |
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| A severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur |
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| A predisposition to develop certain fears |
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| Behavioral treatment in which persons are exposed to the objects or situations they dread |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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| A behavioral treatment that uses a hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread |
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| A treatment of phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless |
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| The therapist confronts the feared object while the fearful person observes |
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| Periodic short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass |
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| An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks |
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| Persistent thought, idea, or image that is experienced repeatedly and causes anxiety |
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| Repetitive and rigid behavior or mental ac a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety |
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| A disorder in which a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both |
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