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Abnormal Psychology
Chapter 8; Mood Disorders
18
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/24/2008

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Cards

Term
What is the difference between dysphoria and euphoria?

Definition
Dysphoria is a feeling of sadness while euphoria is a feeling of elation.
Term
What is the difference between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder?
Definition

Major depressive disorder include acute, but time limited, periods of depressive symptoms while those with dysthymic disorder struggle with more chronic but less severe depression.

Term
How long must intense sadness last in order to be diagnosed as a major depressive episode?

Definition

More than two months

Term
What are some of the symptoms of a Major Depressive Episode?

Definition
  • Depressed mood
  • Diminished interest or pleasure in all or most daily activities
  • Significant unintentional weight loss or appetite decrease or increase
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • Fatigue or energy loss
  • Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
  • Concentration difficulty or indecisiveness
  • Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidality

Term
__% of people who have one episode of major depressive disorder will have a second episode. Among those who have experienced two episodes, __% will have a third, and among those who have had three episodes, __% will have a fourth.
Definition
60%, 70%, 90%
Term
What is bipolar disorder?

Definition
A mood disorder which involves an intense and very disruptive experience of extreme elation, or euphoria, possibly alternating with major depression episodes.
Term
What is a manic episode?
Definition
a full blown expression of extreme symptoms involving abnormally heightened levels of thinking, behavior, and emotionality that causes impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Term
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Definition
A mood disorder involving alternations between dysphoria and briefer, less intense disruptive states of euphoria called hypomanic episodes.
Term
What are some symptoms of a manic episode?
Definition
  • Inflated self esteem or grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Increased talkativeness
  • Flight of ideas or racing thoughts
  • Distractibility
  • Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with potentially painful consequences
Term
In the midst of a manic episode, many people report feeling “on top of the world”. What is the downside of a manic episode?
Definition

The euphoria a person experiences during a manic episode may turn into extreme irritability, aggressiveness, and hostility. Also, manic individuals tend to seek out pleasurable activities without thinking about the consequences.

Term
What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?

Definition

Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed in individuals who experience one or more manic episodes with the possibility, though not the necessity, of having experienced one or more major depressive episodes. A diagnosis of Bipolar II is given to the individuals who has had one or more major depressive episodes and have had an episode I which they become sufficiently energized to meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode, but have never experienced a full blown manic episode.

Term
What is response-contingent positive reinforcement?
Definition

Behaviors that increase in frequency as the result of performing actions that produce pleasure.

Term
What is the cognitive triad?

Definition

A set of thoughts that Beck suggests depressed people activate in order to react to stressful experiences; It is a negative view of the self, the world, and the future, and once it is activated the depressive schema continues in a cycle of negativity, causing the cycle of depression to continue.

Term
What are cognitive distortions?

Definition

Errors that people who are depressed make in the way they draw conclusions from their experiences.

Term
What gender is most likely to attempt suicide? What gender is most likely to succeed at committing suicide?
Definition
Women are more likely than men to attempt suicide; men are more likely to commit suicide
Term
Suicide is the third leading cause of death for what age group?
Definition
Individuals between the ages 15-24
Term
What does suicidal intent refer to?
Definition
How committed a person is to dying; a person who is committed to dying would be regarded as having a high degree of suicidal intent
Term
What does suicidal lethality refer to?

Definition
The dangerousness of the person’s intended method of dying
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