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Abnormal Psychology Final Exam Review 3
from exam 3
56
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2011

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Term
Sexual Orientation
Definition
direction of one's sexual attraction and emotional desire for a romantic partner
Term
Transexual
Definition
a strong persistent identification with another gender (not just desire for any perceived cultural advantages of being other sex)
strong, persistent sense of discomfort with one's anatomic gender or with behaviors that typify gender (see genitals as repugnant, urinate like other gender, believe born into wrong body, wish for medical intervention/hormone treatments)
no intersex condition (ambiguous sexual anatomy)
surgery more practical from male to female
process: psych screening, hormone therapy, live as gender for 1 year, consider surgical alteration
Term
Transexualism in children
Definition
4+ needed:
1. repeated expression of desire to be opposite sex
2. preference for wearing clothes of other gender
3. persistent fantasies about being member of other gender or assume role of other gender in play
4. desire to participate in activities and games considered stereotypical of other gender
5. strong preference for playmates of other gender
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
2+ for 1+ months:
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (ex: flat affect/emotions)
duration of 6+ months
types: paranoid (most common, delusions of paranoia or delusions of grandeur), disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
Term
Sexual Paraphilias
Definition
"love of the abnormal"
recurrent, powerful, persistent sexual urges/fantasies/behavior that center around either non-human objects, humiliation/pain of self or partner, or children/persons not granting consent
Term
Exhibitionism
Definition
"flashers"
6+ months, recurrent intense sexual urges/fantasies involving exposure of genitals to unsuspecting stranger; causes distress, impairment
usually aroused and masturbating during event, begins before age 18, usually not interested in contact
personality; shy, dependent, no social/sexual skills, doubt masculinity, feelings of inferiority
Term
Fetishism
Definition
6+ months, urges/fantasies involving use of nonliving objects by themselves; not just articles of clothing meant for sexual use (i.e. lingerie)
Term
Transvestic Fetishism
Definition
cross dressing for sexual gratification
6+ months, heterosexual male, recurrent urges/fantasies involving cross dressing
Term
Voyeurism
Definition
"peeping tom"
6+ months, urges/fantasies act of observing unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, engaging in sexual activity, usually masturbating while watching
Term
Frotteurism
Definition
6+ months, urges/fantasies touching/rubbing against non-consenting person; not coercive nature of act sexually exciting - more touching
Term
Pedophilia
Definition
6+ months, urges/fantasies sexual act with prepubescent, at least 16 years old or 5 years older than child
how they trap children: educational value, child is deriving pleasure, child is provocative and wants it
- often previously sexually abused in childhood with anxiety, PTSD, depression, aggression, guilt, EDI, perpetration, drug abuse, self-destructive
Term
Sexual Masochism
Definition
6+ months, urges/fantasies being humiliated, beaten, suffering
Term
Sexual Sadism
Definition
6+ months, urges/fantasies psychological/physical suffering or humiliation of victim is sexually exciting
Term
Sexual Dysfunction
Definition
normal sex with abnormality in process
caused by patterns in relationships, performance pressure/anxiety regarding sex, environmental stress
treatment: Masters & Johnson's Sensate Focus, systematic desensitization
Term
Normal Sexual Response Cycle
Definition
Desire (Parasympathetic NS) -> excitement (para) -> orgasm (sympathetic NS) -> resolution (para)
Term
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Definition
persistently/recurrently deficient/absent sexual fantasies and desire for sex
Term
Sexual Aversion Disorder
Definition
persistent/recurrent aversion to/avoidance of all/almost all genital contact with sexual partner
Term
Left out Female Sexual Arousal Disorder, Male Erectile Disorder, Female Orgasmic Disorder, Male Orgasmic Disorder, and Premature Ejaculation
Definition
cuz they're self-explanatory.
Term
Dyspareunia
Definition
genital pain associated with intercourse
Term
Vaginismus
Definition
involuntary spasm of musculature of outer third of vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse
Term
Cognitive Disorders
Definition
formerly organic disorders
brain dysfunction from organic causes (trauma, disease, nutritional, neurotransmitter problems, substance abuse), temporary/permanent brain dysfunction, presumed/known biological cause, affects daily functioning
Axis I with medical cause on Axis III
Term
Delirium
Definition
"straying from the line"
disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention
change in cognition or development of perceptual disturbance, includes: reduced level of consciousness, perceptual disturbances, disturbance of sleep-wake cycle, increased/decreased psychomotor activity, disorientation to time/place/person, memory impairment
develops over short period and fluctuates
presumed organic factor
Term
Sundowning
Definition
increased agitation in evening
Term
Dementia
Definition
development of multiple cognitive defects, memory impairment, 1+ of: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive functioning (planning, organizing, etc.)
gradual onset, continuing cognitive decline
Term
Apashia
Definition
language disturbance
Term
Apraxia
Definition
motor impairment
Term
Agnosia
Definition
can't recognize objects
Term
Causes of dementia
Definition
Alzheimer's, Picks disease, Korsakoffs (alcoholism), tumors, metabolic imbalances - thyroid, kidney; vascular dementias - stroke/CVAs, HIV, head trauma
Term
Alzheimer's
Definition
50% all dementia cases; caused by neuritic plaques/neurofibrillary tangles; no definitive tests
treatment/care: drugs to stop decline of neurotransmitters, antioxidants protect against free radicals
Term
Amnestic Syndrome
Definition
development of memory impairments manifested by impairment in ability to learn new info or inability to recall previously learned info - amnesia
impairment in functioning, decline from previous functioning
causes: head trauma, hypoxia, infection, infarction (CVA), Korsakoff's - thiamin defic. from alcohol
Term
AD/HD
Definition
either 1 or 2:
1) 6+ for 6+ months inattention: no attention to detail/makes careless mistakes in school/work, doesn't listen, doesn't follow through on instructions/fails to finish work, difficulty organizing tasks, avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort, loses things necessary for tasks, easily distracted, forgetful
2. 6+ for 6+ months hyperactivity: fidgets, difficulty remaining seated, runs/climbs excessively, difficulty playing quietly, on the go, talks excessively

Impulsivity: blurts out answers before ?s are completed, difficulty waiting turn, interrupts/intrudes on others

onset before age 7, symptoms present in 2+ settings (school, home)
types: primarily inattentive (formerly ADD) & primarily hyperactive
Term
AD/HD Etiology
Definition
Feingold - believed causes were diet/food-related
genetics
prenatal risks
brain dysfunction in frontal lobe
Term
AD/HD Assessment
Definition
Neuropsychological testing: brain's ability to attend & perform compared to age/gender of peers, rule out other impairments such as learning disabilities
parent/teacher ratings, achievement/IQ scores
Term
AD/HD Treatment
Definition
80% reinforcement, 20% punishment/critical
behavior modification
self-regulation/self-talk
stimulant medication (increases dopamine)
Term
Teen Suicide
Definition
3rd leading cause of death in teens
90% suffer from treatable psych disorder
risk factors: gender, availability of firearms, age, geography, race (suicide more common in rural areas), a bunch of common sense shit blah blah blah
Term
Psychotherapy
Definition
systematic interactions between client and therapist - 1-directional
uses psychological principles to help client change behavior, feelings, thoughts
to overcome abnormal behavior, solve problems, develop as an individual
Term
Psychodynamic Model
Definition
problems rooted in childhood from unconscious conflicts of mind or relationships with others - personality
Term
Traditional Psychoanalysis
Definition
free association - core conflicts
dream analysis
Term
Modern Psychodynamic Therapy
Definition
scientific evidence
how personality affects relationships
Term
Humanistic-Existential
Definition
focus on subjective experience (here & now)
Term
Roger's Client Centered Therapy (Humanistic-Existential)
Definition
foundation for training psychotherapists
- unconditional positive regard
- empathic understanding
- genuineness
- congruence
Term
Perl's Gestalt Therapy
Definition
- EDO inpatient (eating disorder)
- empty chair
Term
Aaron Beck
Definition
cognitive
automatic thoughts
Term
Albert Ellis
Definition
cognitive
core beliefs
values rules
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Mind reading
Definition
tendency to assume what others think instead of clarifying
Term
Cognitive Distortions: All or None Thinking
Definition
tendency to interpret events in black & white terms when most of the world is grey area
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Overgeneralization
Definition
tendency to draw larger general conclusion from smaller isolated event
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Catastrophizing
Definition
expect worst case scenario
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Arbitrary/Superstitious Inferences
Definition
reaching conclusion in absence of real evidence, or predicting future without evidence
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Magnification/Minimization
Definition
exaggerating negative or devaluing the positive
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Personalization
Definition
tendency to blame oneself for negative external events when there's no evidence
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Mental Filter
Definition
tendency to focus exclusively on single detail while ignoring more accurate, bigger picture
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Emotional Reasoning
Definition
tendency to believe that if you feel it, it must be true
Term
Cognitive Distortions: Should Statements
Definition
tendency to believe that you should do things a certain way which ignores your preferences, leads to guild/resentment, ignores choices
Term
Cognition & Behaviorism - Behavioral
Definition
- systematic desensitization/flooding (exposure therapy)
- aversive conditioning
- social skills training *
- operant conditioning
- self-regulation skills (goal-setting, self-monitoring, contingency management, cognitive restructuring)
Term
Alright, I'm too lazy to put in the rest of the last day of notes we took since it's pretty fresh in our heads.
Definition
In theory.
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