Term
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Definition
| alcohol, drugs, shopping, gambling, food, sex, videogames, stealing |
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Term
| Characteristics of Addicted Behavior |
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Definition
| craving to compulsion, continued use despite adverse consequences, loss of control |
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Term
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Definition
| experience of significant maladaptive behavioral & psychological symptoms due to direct effect of drug on CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological adaptations - drugs have unique intoxication, tolerance and withdrawal profiles |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms from tolerance, reduction or termination of drug use; effect is lessened and more is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| Nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, opiates, sedative-hypnotics, NMDA antagonists |
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Term
| Addiction Disease Model: Levels of involvement |
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Definition
| nonpathological use, "risky", "problem", pathological abuse, pathological dependence |
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Term
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Definition
| impairmet/distress in a factor for +12mos: major role obligations, physically hazardous situations, legal problems, interpersonal problems |
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Term
| Characteristics of Dependence |
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Definition
| impairment/distress in 3 factors for +12mos: tolerance, withdrawal, consumption of more than intended, persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut back, excessive time spent using/acquiring/recovering, activities reduced & replaced, use despite exacerbation |
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Term
| Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Disorders |
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Definition
| SUD: 15% (13% alk, 8% drug); 2:1 M:W; NA>Cauc>Hisp>AfrAm>AsAm |
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Term
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Definition
| ~50% w/ SUD have mental disorders; ~50% w/ mental disorder have SUD (relative risk is 30x for Antisocial PD, 11x Bipolar, 5x Sz... |
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Term
| Common Addiction Pathways |
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Definition
| Reward System: Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway - VTA to Nucleus Accumbens to prefrontal cortex. evidence: mice will administer cocaine to blood stream/brain till death b/c cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake |
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Term
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Definition
| weekly increases in extracellular dopamine levels, long-term sensitization, fMRIs show that areas involved in judgement, planning, memory and impulse control are impaired |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug cues become associations by classical conditioning |
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Term
| Why do people continue to do drugs? |
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Definition
| changes in basal dopamine functioning, sensitization of the pleasure pathway, and impairment in executive control systems, non-specific genetic vulnerability, early aggressive behaviors, poor social skills, lack of parental supervision, peer substance abuse, drug availability, poverty |
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Term
| Bruce Alexander's "Rat Park" |
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Definition
| rats in scenic cage were occupied by tin cans and did not develop addiction to morphine-water |
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Term
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Definition
| drug exposure, drug cues/context, stress |
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Term
| Why do people enter or not enter treatment? |
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Definition
| pressure from family, friends, court-mandated, OD psychosis, desire for change, hitting rock-bottom. Most don't believe tx is necessary, users typically ambivalent about trying to change (cost-benefit analysis & efficacy) |
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Term
| Prochaska & DiClemente's Transtheoretical Model of Change |
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Definition
| pre-contemplation - contemplation - determination/preparation - action - maintenance - relapse |
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Term
| Levels of treatments for Addiction |
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Definition
| Motivational Interviewing; Levels: Detoxification, Rehab (inpatient program), Outpatient program |
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Term
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Definition
| Childress: exposure to triggers leads to control. Interventions: desensitize cues. Limitations: situations don't always reflect real world |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus control, stress management, cognitive change |
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Term
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Definition
| AA & MI + meds & treatments = very efficacious. Cons: high drop-out rates, relapse common |
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Term
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Definition
| economic costs in the billions, lower life expectancy, associated with violent crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| drug defined violence, drug related violence, drug lifestyle. Costs: higher on women and minorities |
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