Term
| Disturbances in thought, emotion, behavior and perception such as: delusions, hallucinations, catatonia, speech incoherence, asociality, avolition and alogia are characterized by which syndrome. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Schizophrenia increases with which demographics? |
|
Definition
| adolescence, males, substance abuse, increases rates of suicide |
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Term
| Symptoms that are present which should not be, such as delusions and hallucinations, belong to which group of schizophrenic symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms involving severe cognitive deficits and absence of normal mental functions, such as avolition, alogia, asocality, anhedonie belong to which group of schizophrenic symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lack of interpersonal engagements |
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Definition
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Term
| Beliefs contrary to reality and firmly held in spite of dis-confirming evidence; has no basis of reality |
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Definition
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Term
| Exaggerated sense of self importance, abilities, power, knowledge or identity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Paranoid beliefs that others do not like you and are plotting against you. Exp: thought insertion, thought broadcasting and external control |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory experiences in absence of relevant environmental stimuli. More often auditory than visual. Exp: voices arguing, hearing thoughts spoken outloud by another's voice, voices commenting on your behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient hears a voice telling them to take action against their "accusers." This is an example of a/n: |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient hears a voice accusing them of doing bad things, This is an example of a/n: |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient believes that their actions are being controlled by signals from cell phone towers, this is an example of a/n: |
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Definition
| External Control Persecutory Delusion |
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Term
| Patient believes that others can hear what they are thinking, and often does not speak in coherent sentences due to this. This is an example of |
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Definition
| Thought Broadcasting Persecutory Delusion |
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Term
| Which type of schizophrenic symptoms cause the most dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient is impulsive, more often crime victim than perpetrator and often homeless. They may be suffering from which type of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
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Term
| Patient experiences waxy flexibility characterized by limbs that conform to position they are left in and stay that way for long periods of time. They may be suffering from which type of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient experiences persecutory delusions and hallucinations with a malevolent undertone. They tend to show lower levels of cognitive impairment, and often involved with legal system. They may plot out violent acts and killings due to these delusions. This person is likely suffering from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient experiences main schizophrenic symptoms but does not meet criteria for other subcategories. They likely have: |
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Definition
| Undifferentiated Schizophrenia |
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Term
| Which type of schizophrenia experiences only negative symptoms? Thus, no delusions and hallucinations? |
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Definition
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Term
| For effective treatment of schizophrenia, it must include: |
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Definition
Both anti-psychotic and neuroleptic medications and psychotherapy such as CBT, social skills training, family therapy and residential treatment.
Patient must be willing to comply to tx, set realistic goals, and maintain a working alliance with doctor. |
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Term
| In general, individuals with schizophrenia are most likely to end up in the legal system as: |
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Definition
| Victims, or perpetrators of misdemeanor crimes. |
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Term
| Individuals suffering from which type of schizophrenia are most likely to commit violent acts? Why? |
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Definition
| Paranoid schizophrenia; most likely to submit to and experience command hallucinations. |
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Term
| Criteria for CST, NGRI, Risk/dangerousness of schizophrenic perpetrators. |
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Definition
| The mere presence of a disorder, syndrome, or severity of mental state is not sufficient to make a legal determination. Individual must be unaware of actions or their severity. If found NGRI, patient is considered highly dangerous and will be involuntarily committed until such time risk assessment deems them fit for release. |
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Term
| Which ideological theories of schizophrenia are most accepted? |
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Definition
| Genetic based theories; dopamine theory, incidence of lack of cerebral asymmetry, familial high risk studies |
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Term
| Which ideological theories of schizophrenia are least accepted? |
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Definition
| Double-bind theory, refrigerator mother theory, social theories- social drifting (sociogenic hypothesis and social selection hypothesis) |
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Term
| What are some disorders and syndromes often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| Organic brain syndromes (TBI, dementia), bipolar disorder, substance abuse, schizo-offective disorder, delusional disorders |
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Term
| A unipolar mood disorder characterized by episodes that lasts weeks to months. Symptoms must be present nearly everyday for most of the day and last atleast 2 weeks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Syndrome characterized by depressive mood swings and depressed mood lasting for most of the day, half of the time for atleast two years occurring for at least 2 months at a time. Aka walking and chronic depression. (changes in appetite and sleep habits, decreases energy, concentration and self-esteem) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, guilt, fear, worthlessness, arbitrary inferences, over-generalizations, minimization and magnifications, impaired eating, sex and sleep habits, decreased energy and motivation, slowed movement and speech, anhedonia, agitation, and in severe cases incontinence, delusions, hallucinations and somatoform disorders, suicidal thoughts |
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Term
| Syndrome characterized by individuals with MDD. When individual recovers from MDD episodes still barely reaches an emotional level equivalent to dysthymia |
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Definition
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|
Term
Characterized by recurring episodes of extreme mood swings alternating from mania and depression.
Must experience at least one week of mania for diagnosis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Characterized by mild mood swings alternating between depression and hypomania.
Depressive episodes much more severe than hypomanic episones.
Must experience one episode of MDD and hypomania for diagnosis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Chronic disorder present for atleast 2 years.
Characterized by frequent mild depression symptoms that cause significant distress, alternating with mild manic episodes lasting > 2 months at a time. Episodes rapidly recycle. |
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Definition
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Term
Patient experiences state of intense elation or irritability for most of every day.
May be abnormally energetic, active, and talkative. Experiences increased goal directed activity, flight of ideas, and self-esteem. May also experience decreased need for sleep and an increased incidence of negative behaviors (gambling, sexual promiscuity, reckless spending and driving). |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Difference between manic and hypomanic episodes. |
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Definition
Manic episodes cause severe distress and last atleast a week and may require hospitalization.
Hypomanic episodes lasts around 4 days, and individual does not experience psychotic symptoms or cognitive impairments. Can experience euphoric or mean mania. |
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Term
| Antidepressant medication used to treat mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder by stabilizing neurotransmitters. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidepressant medication used to treat epilepsy but also used in treatment of mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidepressant medication used to treat depression by increasing catecholamines |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidepressant medication used to treat mood disorders. Acts as mood stabilizer to increase serotonin uptake. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidepressant medication used to treat mood disorders via increasing dopamine and norepinephrine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment for severe depression that does not respond to medications. Induces grandmal seizure. |
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Definition
| Electroconvulsive therapy |
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Term
| Mood disorder treatment utilizing combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy to challenge dysfunctional cognitions. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: People that threaten suicide frequently are not really going to follow through with the act. |
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Definition
| May be true of false; varies between individuals. Some people may use suicide threats as manipulation but speaking out means person is seeking help. |
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Term
| T/F: You shouldnt bring up suicide with a severely depressed person because you can put the idea in their head. |
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Definition
False.
If a person is not suicidal, you can not put the idea into their head. |
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Term
| T/F: Suicide is always irrational, person must be crazy. |
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Definition
False.
People may commit suicide due to depression, anxiety or terminal illness. |
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Term
| T/F: Suicide is an impulsive act. |
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Definition
False.
People usually contemplate suicide for a period of time even though they have not expressed their feelings to others. |
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Term
| T/F: Everyone that commits suicide is mentally ill. |
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Definition
False.
Person may be laboring under a psychotic state or severe depression. |
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Term
| T/F: Suicide runs in families. |
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Definition
False.
Although, underlying characteristics often associated with suicide may. |
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Term
| T/F: Once suicidal, always suicidal. |
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Definition
True, but false.
Past behavior is best way to predict future behavior but a person's actions and circumstances can change. |
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Term
| T/F: Once suicide threat is over, danger is gone. |
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Definition
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Term
| A person suffering from which type of mood disorder is most likely to commit violent crimes? |
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Definition
Bipolar disorder (bipolar I, under manic state)
People that are suicidal, depressed, angry and paranoid most likely to commit violet crime.
Under euphoric mania may feel entitled to steal, or commit crime.
Under depressed state: > risk of suicide than MDD pts.. and may commit violent acts such as suicide by cop. |
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Term
| What are the 4 main anxiety disorders? |
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Definition
| Panic, phobic, obsessive compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders. |
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Term
Person plagued by recurrent, uncontrollable acts of intense fear and dread.
May experience increased HR, BP, feelings of doom, depersonalization (loss of contact with reality) and derealization (loss of contact with enviro) |
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Definition
| Panic Disorder (an anxiety disorder) |
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Term
| What are the two types of panic attacks? |
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Definition
Panic attacks may occur randomly or in response to specific triggers.
With agoraphobia - fear of open space
Without agoraphobia
Both may involve hyperventilation and syncope (fainting) |
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Term
| Person experiences excessive and unreasonable fear of objects or situations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Extreme anxiety in regards to possible critique and evaluation |
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Definition
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Term
| Pattern of recurrent (obsessive), unwanted thoughts or impulses followed by compulsion for repetitive (ritualistic) mental behavior. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Continuous anxiety over seemingly meaningless things involving pervasiveness and intensity which is out of proportion to situation.
Anxiety is not tied to specific things or situations.
Person may have high threat sensitivity and live in continuous states of apprehension. |
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Definition
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Term
| A trauma based disorder in which specific source or cause is NOT required to make diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Stressor criteria: exposure to wide variety of traumatic events.
Intrusive re-experiencing- (thoughts, dreams)
Dissociative flashbacks- purely or partially hallucinogenic
Avoidance and numbing
Cognitive and emotional impairments
Persistent hyperarousal (irritability, increased HR, tense muscles)
Must experience criteria for > 30 days
Symptoms usually don't appear until 18-24 months after traumatic event. |
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Term
| Person that experiences PTSD critera/ symptoms for less than 30 days may suffer from |
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Definition
| Acute Stressor Disorder (ASD) |
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Term
A disturbance of consciousness, thought, memory or identity generally caused by a specific traumatic event.
Exp: amnesia, fugue, depersonalization/derealization, identity disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Person experiences a temporary lack of conscious access to (explicit) memory, usually of a stressful experience. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amnesia in which memory function and identity remains in tact. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amnesia in which individual cannot recall anything. |
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Definition
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Term
Person experiences extensive memory loss. Does not remember their identity and thus assumes a new one.
No memory of events after the fact. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dissociative disorder in which person experiences a detachment from sense of self and surroundings. Including unusual sensory perceptions (body parts changing, voice difference) and autoscopy (out of body experience) |
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Definition
| Depersonalization/derealization |
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Term
Person has at least two separate personalities or alters.
Each alter may have an independent mode of thinking, being, feeling and acting that emerge at different times.
Alters may fight for dominance, have different EEGs, handidness, handwriting, age, allergies, and speech patterns.
May be caused by a traumatic event. |
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Definition
| Dissociate Identity Disorder |
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Term
A person experiences symptoms void of physiological or medical reason in which the body produces due to an unconscious issue.
Person truly believes something is wrong with them and may be suffering from a variety of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Disorder in which person seeks attention for being sick. |
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Definition
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Term
Disorder in which a functional change occurs without anatomical or physiological correlate.
Person may become blind or paralyzed on one side of body. |
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Definition
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Term
Disorder characterized by exaggerated pain with out a physical correlate.
May occur with or without injury/illness.
If occurs with injury/illness pain experienced is out of proportion to situation. |
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Definition
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Term
Person has a severe fear of illness and may deflect anxiety from other areas onto a physical symptom.
Inaccurate perception of body's condition despite absence of physical correlate. Over analyzes every minor defect on body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Person has distorted perception of physical appearance. Considers their body to be deformed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Person pretends to be ill or induces symptoms due to a physiological motive (attention, power, manipulation). |
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Definition
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Term
| Person pretends to be ill or induces/exaggerates symptoms due to a practical motive (workers comp, lawsuit, payoff, NGRI) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fabrication, extension, exaggeration and misattribution are forms of |
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Definition
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Term
| Disorders in which physiological symptoms are induced or worsened by an individual's stress/anxiety. |
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Definition
| Physcophysiological Disorders |
|
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Term
| What are some disorders theorized to be physcosomatic? |
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Definition
Essential Hypertension
Peptic Ulcers
Ulcerative Colitis (authority conflicts)
Asthma (parental conflicts, child stress)
Grave's disease (aggressive conflicts)
RA (extreme conflicts of control)
CFS, fybromyalgia, IBS, warts, migranes, tension headaches, dermatitis |
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Term
| Factors/Determinants of psychophysiological disorder developments. |
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Definition
Neuromuscular and neuroglandular
Neuroendocrine- stress produces cortisol which causes disturbances
Neuroimmunologial- > immune system negative for individuals prone to inflammation; causes allergic reactions due to hyperactive immune system
social support |
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|
Term
| Psychologist that characterized good vs. poor copers via negative affectivity trait. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Psychophysiological coping method focused on how you feel.
People are often impulsive and conscientious.
More adaptive method if no practical solution to problem. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Psychophysiological coping method focused on problem solving.
More adaptive but can cause increased stress when situation is out of their control. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Methods of treatment for psychophysiologial disorders |
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Definition
health psychology (behavioral medicine)- stress coping, drug abstinence, medication compliance
Psychotherapy- decrease stress and increase health |
|
|
Term
| General disturbance in sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal, disruptive sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amount & quality of sleep < normal, decreased amount of SWS and REM sleep caused by ongoing stressor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amount of sleep > normal for that individual with decreased quality of sleep. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Sleep walking, involves simple actions such as sitting up or talking.
Occurs during SWS and > in children.
Causes confusional arousal- person appears awake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep disorder occurring during REM sleep . Involves suppression of brain stem sleep paralysis mechanism (REM paralysis) such that individuals walk, talk and act out dreams. |
|
Definition
| REM sleep behavior disorder (RSBD) |
|
|
Term
| Bed wetting occurring during SWS, often associated with ADHD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unfavorable dreams occurring during REM sleep in which individual recalls when awake. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Intense physiological and ANS arousal occurring during SWS.
Individual may show signs of fear/panic such as yelling, sweating and increased HR.
Individual has no memory of episode and sometimes commit violent acts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorders that occur during sleep, but are not defined as sleep disorders. |
|
Definition
Sleep apnea
RLS
Narcolepsy
Kleine-Levin syndrome
Alpha-delta polymyocytus (fibromyalgia) |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the narcoleptic tetrad? |
|
Definition
Sleep attacks- individual randomly falls asleep and enters directly into REM
Cataplexy- loss of voluntary muscle control
Sleep paralysis- conscious but unable to move
hypnogogic (at onset) and hypnopompic (just before waking) hallucinations and paralysis |
|
|
Term
Syndrome characterized by alternating episodes of hypersomnia and bullimia.
Involves bouts of irritable, hostile and confused behavior. Cold extremities, ANS arousal, increased sexual interest and dreamy hallucinations.
Thought to be linked to primordial hibernation.
> in children and males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of sleep disorders |
|
Definition
Depression- decreases SWS, REM
Bipolar disorder- during manic episodes individuals have a substantially decreased need for sleep.
Schizophrenia- sleep disturbed by positive symptoms
anxiety, stimulants, sedatives |
|
|
Term
Eating disorder characterized by loss of appetite, deliberate food restriction, low body weight, severe fear of weight gain, and distorted body image.
Can cause amenorrhea
2 types = simple restriction with exercise and binge/purge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Eating disorder characterized by repeated cycles of binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior (purging, fasting, exercising)
No significant weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Disorder of sexual self identity; conviction that one's gender is different than one's sexual personhood.
May involve transsexualism (prodedures) and transvestism (cross-dressing) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sexual attraction or preoccupation with unusual objects and activities that causes distress or dysfunction of life.
Only considered a disorder if exclusively preferred above all other sexual activities becoming sole form of sexual pleasure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sexual dysfunctions comorbidity |
|
Definition
bipolar = hypersexuality
depression = hyposexuality
anxiety, drugs = either way |
|
|
Term
| Sexual dysfunction involving hyposexuality and hypersexuality generally in context of drugs or mental disorders. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sexual dysfunction in which person finds sex distasteful and unpleasant bc it is physically or emotionally uncomfortable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sexual dysfunction involving no medical correlate. Includes:
male erectile disorder
female sexual arousal disorder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sexual dysfunction involving inability to reach orgasm. Includes:
male ejaculatory disorder
premature ejaculation
female orgasmic disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sexual dysfunction in women involving pain with no medical correlate. Includes:
dyspareunia
vaginismus
vulvodynia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorders characterized by a pattern of tension build up, urge to carryout act, explosive carrying out, relief and at times, guilt. |
|
Definition
| Impulse control disorders |
|
|
Term
| Disorder characterized by a buildup of intense anger that is uncontrollable and eventually explodes into violence followed by relief. |
|
Definition
| Intermittent explosive disorder |
|
|
Term
| Irresistible impulse to steal something. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uncontrollable impulse to commit arson followed by orgasmic satisfaction from watching something burn. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overwhelming compulsion to gamble; variable ratio of reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compulsive hair pulling or twirling that often occurs with tricotillophasia resulting in secondary alopecia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trauma based disorders characterized by development of clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable psychosocial stressor (work, relationships)
AKA safe diagnosis and generally resolves within six months.
occurs with:
depressed mood
anxiety
anxiety and depressed mood
mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disorders are most likely to cause legal problems? |
|
Definition
Impulse control disorders
Bipolar I - mania
Paranoid schizophrenia
MDD
Paraphilias
Delusional disorders
Sleep disorders (night terrors) |
|
|
Term
| What axis I disorders are often comorbid with borderline personality disorder? |
|
Definition
Mood disorders- 96% MDD-70-80% Bipolar
Anxiety disorders- 88%
PTSD- 50%
bullimia
dissociative disorders |
|
|
Term
| Panic disorder is often comorbid with which personality disorders? |
|
Definition
borderline
dependent
avoidant |
|
|
Term
| OCD is often comorbid with which personality disorders? |
|
Definition
Obessive-compulsive
avoidant |
|
|
Term
| Social phobia, mood and anxiety disorders are often comorbid with which personality disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTSD may be comorbid with which personality disorders? |
|
Definition
paranoid
avoidant
borderline
OCD
all 22-26% |
|
|
Term
| Schizoid personality disorder is often comorbid with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizotypal personality disorder is often comorbid with |
|
Definition
dissociative disorders- depersonalization/derealization, dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Paranoid personality disorder often comorbid with |
|
Definition
Schizophrenia
Bioplar disorder |
|
|
Term
| Antisocial personality disorder often comorbid with |
|
Definition
MDD 33%
Bipolar 65%
Anxiety disorders 61%
schizophrenia 14%
somatoform 9% |
|
|
Term
| Somatoform, factitious, and psychosomatic disorders may be comorbid with |
|
Definition
| Histrionic personality disorder |
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|
