Term
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Definition
a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.
- a future-oriented mood state |
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Definition
| a response to an actual threat |
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Definition
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Definition
-roots are deeply embedded in our cultural myths
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Term
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Definition
| -defined as an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms that include heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness |
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Term
| three types of panic attacks |
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Definition
-situationally bound
-unexpected
-situationally predisposed |
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Term
| situationally bound panic attacks |
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Definition
| has attacks only in certain situations |
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Term
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Definition
| you dont have a clue when or where the next attack will take place |
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Term
| situationally predisposed panic attacks |
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Definition
| you are more likely to, but not inevitably, have an attack where you have had one before |
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Term
| causes of anxiety disorders |
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Definition
- inherit a tendency to be tense and uptight
-also associated with specific brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems
-area of brain most often asssociated with anxiety is limbic system |
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Term
| behavioral inhibition system (BIS) |
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Definition
-activated by signals from the brain stem of unexpected events, such as major changes in body functioning that might signal danger
-this system leads from the septal and hipocampal area in the limbic system to the frontal cortex |
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Term
| fight/flight system (FFS) |
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Definition
| -this circuit originates in the brain stem and travels through the several midbrain structures, including the amygdala, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the central gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
| places or situations similar to the one where the initial panic attack occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| increases in heart rate or respiration that were associated with the initial panic attack, even if they are now the result of normal circumstances |
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Term
| triple vulnerability theory |
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Definition
-generalized biological vulnerability
-generalized psychological vulnerability
-specific psychological vulnerability |
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Term
| generalized biological vulnerability |
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Definition
| the tendency to be uptight or highstrung might be inherited |
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Term
| generalized physcological vulnerability |
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Definition
| having the strong perception that the things are dangerous and out of your control and you may not be able to cope when things go wrong based on early experiences |
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Term
| specific psychological vulnerability |
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Definition
| when you learn from early experience, such as being taught by your parents, that some situations or objects are fraught with danger (even if they aren't) |
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Term
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Definition
| the co-occurence of two or more disorders in a single individual |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (clinical description) |
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Definition
-characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, susceptibility to fatigue, irritability, difficulty sleeping
- mostly worry about minor, everyday life events
-prevalent among the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
-tends to run in families
-having early stressful experiences where they learned that the world is dangerous and out of control
-engage in frantic, intense thought processes or worry without accompanying images |
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Term
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Definition
-benzodiazepines are often prescribed
-therapy
-cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT)
- patients evoke the worry process during therapy sessions and confront anxiety-provoking images and thoughts head-on |
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Term
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Definition
| a discomfort caused by holding conflicting ideas simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| The law dictates that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. |
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Term
| brain structures involved in dealing with fear and stress |
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Definition
-amygdala
-ventromedial prefrontal cortex
-medial prefrontal cortex
-prefrontal cortex |
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Term
| panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) |
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Definition
| individuals experience severe, unexpected panic attacks and dont like being in situations where they feel unsafe |
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Term
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Definition
| fear and avoidance of situations in which they would feel unsafe in the event of a panic attack or symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| avoidance of internal physical sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| the change in stages of sleep to slow wave sleep produces physical sensations of "letting go"that are frightening to an individual with a panic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| an interruption of breathing during sleep that may feel like suffocation |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs during the transitional state between sleep and waking
- during this period, the individual is unable to move and experiences a surge of terror that resembles a panic attack |
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Term
| panic control treatment(PCT) |
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Definition
| concentrates on exposing patients with panic disorder to the cluster of interoceptive sensations that remind them of their panic attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| an irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individuals ability to function |
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Term
| blood-injury-injection phobia |
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Definition
almost always differ in their physiological reaction from people with other types of phobia
- average onset is 9 years |
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Term
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Definition
phobias characterized by fear of public transportation or enclosed places
-tend to emerge in mid 20's
ex: claustraphobia,phobia of planes |
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Term
| natural environment phobia |
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Definition
develop fears of situations or events occurring in nature
- peak age of onset of about 7 years
ex: heights, storms, and water |
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Term
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Definition
fear of animals and insects
-age of onset peaksaround 7 years |
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Term
| seperation anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| characterized by childrens unrelaistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents or other important people in their life or that something will happen to the children themselves |
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Definition
| people who suffer severely around others |
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Term
| Post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Definition
| a type of anxiety disorder. It can occur after you've seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death. |
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Term
| causes of post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Definition
-changes the body's response to stress.
-It affects the stress hormones and chemicals that carry information between the nerves (neurotransmitters). |
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Term
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Definition
-reliving the event,which disturbs day to day activity
- avoidance
-arousal |
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Term
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Definition
-reliving the event,which disturbs day to day activity
- avoidance
-arousal |
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Term
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Definition
-desensitization
-support groups
-medication- antidepressants |
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Term
| obsessive compulsive disorder |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). |
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Term
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Definition
-•Obsessions or compulsions that are not due to medical illness or drug use
- •Obsessions or compulsions that cause major distress or interfere with everyday life |
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Definition
| repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas or sensations |
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Definition
| behaviors that make them feel driven to do something |
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Definition
| a belief that physical symptoms are signs of a serious illness, even when there is no medical evidence to support the presence of an illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| a long-term (chronic) condition in which a person has physical symptoms that involve more than one part of the body, but no physical cause can be found |
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Term
| causes of somatization disorder |
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Definition
People with this disorder have many physical complaints that last for years. Most often, the complaints involve chronic pain and problems with the digestive system, nervous system, and reproductive system.
- stress often worsens the symptoms |
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Term
| treatment of somatization disorder |
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Definition
| talk therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation. |
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Term
| causes of conversion disorder |
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Definition
- can begin suddenly after a sudden experience
-People are more at risk for a conversion disorder if they also have a medical illness, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder.
- may occur because of a psychological conflict |
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Term
| symptoms of conversion disorder |
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Definition
include the loss of bodily functions such as:
- blindness
-inability to speak
-numbness
-paralysis |
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Term
| treatment of conversion disorder |
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Definition
-talk therapy (psychotherapy)
-stress management training
-affected body parts will need physical therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| when a patient experiences chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. |
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Term
| treatment of pain disorder |
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Definition
| antidepressants and talk therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| in which the affected person is excessively concerned about and preoccupied by a perceived defect in his or her physical features |
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Term
| causes of body dysmorphic disorder |
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Definition
| - most clinicians believe it could be a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors from their past or present. Abuse and neglect can also be contributing factors |
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Term
| symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder |
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Definition
| depression, social phobia, and obsessive compulsive disorder |
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Term
| treatment of body dysmorphic disorder |
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Definition
| psychotherapy and medication |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberately faking symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-involve severe detachments or alterations
-affects identity, memory or consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
inablilty to recall personal info, usually of a stressful or traumatic nature.
-dissociative amnesia is common during war.
-in most cases forgetting is selective for traumatic events. |
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Term
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Definition
| people who are unable to remember anything including who they are. it may be lifelong or may extend from from a period in the more recent past, such as 6 months or a year. |
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Term
| localized or selective amnesia |
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Definition
| failure to recall specific events, usually traumatic, that occur during a specific period. |
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Term
| depersonalization disorder |
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Definition
- when feelings of unreality are so severe and frightening that they dominate an individuals life and prevent functioning.
- |
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Term
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Definition
| can be diagnosed 1 month after the event occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| when PTSD continues longer than 3 months |
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Term
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Definition
| -PTSD occurring within the first month after the trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| reliving emotional trauma to releive emotional suffering |
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