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Abnormal Psych Midterm Fall '10
yea
83
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/25/2010

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Term
Mental Illness
Definition
term derived from the medical model of psychology to describe psychological or mental disorder
Term
psychological disorder
Definition
abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior
Term
abnormal psychology
Definition
branch of psychology dealing with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns
Term
psychologist
Definition
a professional who has completed advanced graduate training in psychology and obtained a license to practice psychology
Term
psychiatrist
Definition
a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders
Term
medical model
Definition
a biological perspective in which abnormal behavior is viewed as symptomatic of an underlying illness
Term
Psychosis
Definition
a severe form of disturbed behavior characterized by impaired ability to interpret reality and difficulty meeting the demands of daily life
Term
Neurosis
Definition
a non-psychotic form of disturbed behavior characterized by problems involving anxiety
Term
Personality Disorder
Definition
excessively rigid behavior patterns, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately become self-defeating
Term
Psychodynamic Model
Definition
the theoretical model of Freud and his followers in which abnormal behavior is viewed as the product of clashing forces within the personality
Term
Learning (Behaviorist) Model
Definition
model that holds that maladaptive behavior is learned and can be changed by means of different stimuli
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
the school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior
Term
Conditioned Response
Definition
in classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (salivation to the sound of bells, in this case)
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus
Definition
a stimulus that elicits an unlearned response (salivation, in this case)
Term
Conditioned Stimulus
Definition
a previously neutral stimulus that evokes a conditioned response after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus that had previously evoked that response (the bell, in this case)
Term
Unconditioned Response
Definition
an unlearned response
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
a form of learning in which a response to one stimulus can be made to occur to another stimulus by pairing or associating the two stimuli
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
a form of learning in which behavior is acquired and strengthened when it is reinforced (because they operate on the environment to produce effects or consequences)
Term
reinforcement
Definition
a stimulus or event that increases the frequency of the response that it follows
Term
positive reinforcers
Definition
reinforcers that, when introduced, increase the frequency of the preceding behavior
Term
reward
Definition
a pleasant stimulus or event that increases the frequency of the response that it follows
Term
negative reinforcers
Definition
reinforcers that on removal increase the frequency of the preceding behavior
Term
punishment
Definition
application of aversive or painful stimuli that reduces the frequency of the behavior it follows
Term
Cognitive Model
Definition
a model that focuses on faulty ways of thinking and revising those in order to reach psychological betterment
Term
Humanist model
Definition
a model founded on the belief that human beings have an in-born inclination towards self actualization, and to this end, emphasized unconditional positive regard
Term
self actualization
Definition
in humanistic psychology, the tendency to strive to become all that one is capable of being. The motive that drivers on to reach one's full potential and express one's unique capabilities
Term
unconditional positive regard
Definition
valuing other people as having basic worth, regardless of their behavior at a particular time
Term
conditional positive regard
Definition
valuing other people on the basis of whether their behavior meets one's approval
Term
diasthesis
Definition
a biological tendency or predisposition
Term
diasthesis-stress (physiological) model
Definition
a psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors ("nature"), and life experiences ("nurture")
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
significant to the psychodynamic model
Term
the libido and unconscious as a motivational force; psychoanalysis; the psychosexual stages (childhood experiences affect personality); defense mechanisms
Definition
Freud's positive contributions
Term
fixation
Definition
libidinal energy stays stuck at a certain stage of development
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
Freud's theory that small boys think that girls lost their penises for challenging the father for their mother; superego comes about as a result of its resolution
Term
Electra Complex
Definition
female equivalent of the Oedipus complex
Term
Men are more moral than women; neuroses arise out of unresolved Oedipus complex; the clitoral orgasm is childlike; the penis is an object of power/envy; homosexuality is a less mature resolution of the Oedipus conflict
Definition
Freud's negative contributions
Term
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Definition
Freud's psychosexual stages of development
Term
Little Hans
Definition
Freud worked with him as he experienced the Oedipal conflict (horse phobia that symobolizes father)
Term
Ivan Pavlov
Definition
termed classical conditioning with dogs
Term
BF Skinner
Definition
termed operant conditioning
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
behaviorist who worked with Little Albert
Term
Little Albert
Definition
is afraid of bunnies or rats or something to this day
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
developed the psychosocial stages of development
Term
Josef Breuer
Definition
an Austrian physician whose works laid the foundation of psychoanalysis and who also worked with Anna O.
Term
Anna O.
Definition
treated by Breuer for severe cough, paralysis of the extremities on the right side of her body, and disturbances of vision, hearing, and speech, as well as hallucination and loss of consciousness; diagnosed later with a somatoform disorder
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
associated with the Humanist model
Term
Repression
Definition
to exclude the desire from one's consciousness and hold or subdue it in the unconscious
Term
Regression
Definition
a defense mechanism leading to the temporary reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way
Term
Rationalization
Definition
a defense mechanism in which perceived controversial behaviors or feelings are explained in a rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, to differentiate from the original deterministic explanation, of the behavior or feeling in question
Term
Displacement
Definition
an unconscious defense mechanism whereby the mind redirects affects from an object felt to be dangerous or unacceptable to an object felt to be safe or acceptable
Term
Projection
Definition
a psychological defense mechanism where a person unconsciously denies their own attributes, thoughts, and emotions, which are then ascribed to the outside world, such as to the weather, or to other people
Term
Reaction-Formation
Definition
a defensive process (defense mechanism) in which anxiety-producing or unacceptable emotions and impulses are mastered by exaggeration (hypertrophy) of the directly opposing tendency
Term
Denial
Definition
a defense mechanism postulated by Sigmund Freud, in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence
Term
Sublimation
Definition
defense mechanism in which the process of transforming libido into "socially useful" achievements, mainly art
Term
Thematic Apperception Test
Definition
popularly known as the picture interpretation technique because it uses a standard series of provocative yet ambiguous pictures about which the subject is asked to tell a story
Term
Rorschach (Ink Blot) Test
Definition
a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex scientifically derived algorithms, or both
Term
adjustment disorder
Definition
maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor characterizes by impaired function or emotional stress that exceeds what would normally be expected
Term
1. alarm reaction; 2. resistance (fight or flight) 3. back to normal -or- exhaustion
Definition
Selge's 3 stages of stress
Term
Heart Disease; increased vulnerability to cancer; depression
Definition
Chronic stress can lead to...
Term
Anxiety
Definition
physiological arousal, unpleasant feelings of tension, sense of apprehension or foreboding
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition
anxiety is persistent, excessive, not tied to any particular object
Term
Panic Disorder
Definition
characterized by multiple panic attacks, in which the disordered individual experiences an inability to breathe
Term
agoraphobia
Definition
fear of the outside, open spaces
Term
phobia
Definition
fear of particular subjects of situations
Term
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Definition
characterized by obsessions (the recurring thoughts) and compulsions (the ritualized behaviors)
Term
Acute Stress Disorder
Definition
experienced in the month following a traumatic event
Term
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Definition
prolonged maladaptive behavior following a traumatic event
Term
Somatoform Disorder
Definition
characterized by physical symptoms for which there are no physical causes
Term
Conversion Disorder
Definition
loss of a particularly bodily function for no apparent physical reason
Term
La Belle Indifference
Definition
characterized by a lack of concern and an indifference about a disability and is seen in hysteria or dissociative disorders
Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition
excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness, even in the absence of an actual illness
Term
body dysmorphic disorder
Definition
a preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated flaw
Term
pain disorder
Definition
persistent physical pain caused by psychological factors
Term
dissociative disorder vs. somatization disorder
Definition
mind split vs. separation of function
Term
depersonalization
Definition
detachment from self or body; dreaming or acting like a robot; watching oneself from above
Term
dissociative amnesia
Definition
memory loss without an organic cause; stress causing separation of psychic function
Term
dissociative fugue
Definition
one suddenly flees from one's life situation and begins a new life elsewhere (amnesia on the run)
Term
dissociative identity disorder
Definition
two or more distinct personalities; leaving a piece of the personality behind in the wake of a particularly traumatic event
Term
somatoform vs. psychosomatic
Definition
perceived ailment vs. actual ailment caused by psychological issues
Term
Depression
Definition
characterized by general dissatisfaction and disinterest in previously enjoyed activities
Term
Dysthymia
Definition
milder but more persistent depression
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
major depression characterized by manic episodes
Term
Cyclothymic Disorder
Definition
milder episodes of mania along with depressive episodes
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