Term
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Definition
| Psychological dysfunction within an individual, associated with DISTRESS or IMPAIRMENT in functioning, and a response not typically or culturally expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| DISTRESS or IMPAIRMENT in functioning, and a response not typically or culturally expected. |
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Term
| Psychological dysfunction |
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Definition
| Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning |
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Definition
| "typical" profile of behavior |
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Term
| scientist-practitioners (3) |
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Definition
| consume science, evaluate science, improve science ( DESCRIBE disorders, determine CAUSE, TREAT) |
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Definition
| set of problems, reason for visit |
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Definition
| COMBO of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a psychological disorder |
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Definition
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Definition
| individual pattern of disease, 3 types |
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Definition
| lasts for a long time, possibly lifetime |
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Definition
| lasts a few months, then probably reoccurs. |
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Definition
| improves without treatment in a short period |
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Term
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Definition
| how/when a disorder starts, two types |
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Definition
| anticipated course of a disorder |
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Definition
| studies WHY a disorder begins; bio, psych and social dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
| blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm |
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Term
| humoral approach to psych |
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Definition
| says disorders are caused by an imbalance of the four humors |
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Term
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Definition
| mental illness that has physical elements, but medical tests are normal |
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Term
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Definition
| said psychosis was ALWAYS physical, and should be treated like an illness. Improved hospital conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Said psychosis could be diagnosed and classified |
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Term
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Definition
| treat patients as normally as possible, encourage social interaction |
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Term
| Causes of decline of Moral Theory |
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Definition
| Caused by overpopulation of mental hospitals, not enough individual attention, some mental disorders considered incurable |
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Term
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Definition
| structure of mind and role of unconscious |
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Definition
| how learning and adaptation affect people |
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| Psychoanalytical model (3 parts) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pleasure principle, emotional and illogical (primary) |
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Definition
| reality principle, logical, rational, MEDIATOR, wants to CONTROL (secondary) |
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Definition
| moral principle, conscience |
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Term
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Definition
| struggle between the psychs, causes anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious protective processes by Ego, |
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Term
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Definition
| redirect anger from cause of source to another (kick dog because of bad grade) |
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Term
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Definition
| using energy in a constructive way |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when a patient relates to the therapist as a parental figure |
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Term
| person-centered therapy (Rogers) |
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Definition
| therapist has passive role |
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Term
| Thorndike's Law of Effect |
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Definition
| If a response is rewarded, it becomes more likely to occur again, and if it is punished, it is less likely to occur again. |
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Term
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Definition
| how many NEW cases every year |
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Term
| Psychopathology (def +3 kinds) |
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Definition
way to explain psychological disorder
-supernatural, biological, psychological |
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Term
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Definition
-biology+ environment
-how wartime affects childhood development |
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Term
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Definition
| what OTHERS hold important is transferred to child, role modeling |
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Definition
-collective unconscious
-5 archetypes
-enduring personality traits |
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Term
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Definition
-birth order
-inferiority complex
-SELF-ACTUALIZATION |
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Term
| Self-actualization (3 traits) |
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Definition
-life-span development
-influence of society and culture on personality
-PEOPLE CAN CHANGE |
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Term
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Definition
| determine what is blocking one from achieving self-actualization |
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Term
| Behaviorism (def + 3 types |
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Definition
-models that explain normal and abnormal behavior
-classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling |
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Term
| Classical conditioning (2 scientists + 4 traits) |
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Definition
-Pavlov and Watson
- cond. stim/ uncond stim
- cond response/ uncond response |
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Term
| Thorndike's Law of Effect (def) |
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Definition
| rewarded behavior will become more frequent, punished behavior will become less frequent |
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| Operant conditioning (2 guys) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-behavior OPERATES on environment
-punish/reinforce model |
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Term
| Four Contexts of operant conditioning |
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Definition
1. positive reinforcement-reward (food)
2. Neg. reinforce - escape (remove alarm)
3. positive punishment- Punish (give shock)
4. Neg. punish- penalize (take away food) |
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Term
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Definition
-Bandura
-human behavior is learned from others
- behavior and environment work off each other |
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Term
| Behavior therapy (guy + method) |
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Definition
-Wolpe
-systematic desensitization |
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Term
| PURPOSE of assessing psych disorders (4) |
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Definition
-understand individual
-predict behaviors
-Plan treatment
-evaluate outcome |
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Term
| Clinical assessment (def +3 factors) |
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Definition
-evaluate and measure
-psych, bio, social factors |
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Term
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Definition
| degree of fit between symptoms and diagnostic criteria |
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Term
| Key concepts in assessment (3) |
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Definition
| reliability, validity, standardization |
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Term
| Reliability (def + 2 types) |
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Definition
-measurement consistency, agreement
-test/re-test and inter-rater |
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Term
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Definition
-does it measure what it's supposed to measure?
-concurrent and predictive |
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Term
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Definition
| -consistent techniques and conditions |
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Term
| Clinical Interview (3 types and defs) |
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Definition
-unstructured - what brings you in?
-semi-structured - questions DEPEND on answers given
-structured- SAME questions no matter what |
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Term
| Mental Status Exam (5 parts) |
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Definition
1. Appearance and behavior (attire, behavior, expressions)
2. Thought processes (rate of speech, continuity, content)
3.Mood and Affect
4.Intellectual Functioning (vocab)
5. Sensorum (person, time, place) |
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Term
| Function of a physical exam |
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Definition
| rule out physical causes such as medication side effects, toxicity, allergies |
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Term
| Behavioral assessment (5 traits) |
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Definition
1. identify and observe target behavior
2. "here and now" focus
3. direct observation (self or others)
4.minimally invasive
5. focus on interaction BETWEEN events |
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Term
| Formal vs informal observation |
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Definition
-formal- questions, scored, QUANTITATIVE
-informal- observation, QUALITATIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| positive or negative change in behavior caused by act of observation |
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Term
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Definition
| Antecedent, Behavior, Consequences |
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Term
| Psychological Testing (measures 4 things) |
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Definition
| cognition, emotion, personality, behavior |
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Term
| Projective test (def, 2 types, pro/cons) |
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Definition
-present AMBIGUOUS data
-Rorshach test and Thematic apperception
-Qualitative, but not reliable OR valid |
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Term
| Personality inventories (2 traits and example) |
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Definition
-minimally ambiguous
-minimal inference
-MMPI |
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Term
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Definition
-t/f questions
-reliable AND valid
-individual scales and profiles |
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Term
| Psychophysiological Assessment (def, test, disorders) |
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Definition
-emotional or psychological events can be reflected by a change in the nervous system
-EEG- shows brain wave activity
- PTSD, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders |
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Term
| approaches to diagnosis (2 + defs) |
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Definition
-ideographic (how your world is DIFFERENT)
-nomothetic (how your world is the SAME as others with the same disorder) |
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Term
| Classification systems (3 types and defs) |
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Definition
-classical (each disorder has UNIQUE set of symptoms, distinct boundaries_
-dimensional (not yes/no, but HOW MUCH)
-prototypical (both) |
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Term
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Definition
-broad categorizational headings
-empirical
-prototypic
-EXCLUDES cultural differences |
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Term
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Definition
I- Major disorders (panic disorder)
II- Stable, enduring problems (OCD)
III- Relevant Medical conditions
IV- Psychosocial problems
V- rating of adaptive functioning |
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Term
| neuropsychological testing |
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Definition
| measures abilities (such as attention) in such a way that the clinician can infer about performance and possible brain impairment |
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Term
| False positive vs false negative |
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Definition
-false positive- shows a problem, when there isn't one
-false negative- shows NO problem, when there is one |
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Term
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Definition
-tests hypothesis
-has an Independent variable and a dependent variable |
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Term
| types of validity (2 and defs) |
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Definition
-internal validity - whether differences between groups are due to IV or another factor
-external validity- extent to which results can be GENERALIZED beyond conditions of experiment |
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Term
| Confound (def and how to reduce it) |
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Definition
-affects both DV and IV, APPEARS that they are linked when they aren't
-negated by control groups, randomization, and analog models |
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Term
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Definition
| GOD DAMMIT, CORRELATION DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION! |
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Term
| Epidemiological research (4 traits) |
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Definition
-population based
-incidence
-prevalence
-risk factors |
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Term
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Definition
-"Average" client
-variability
-ex: depression symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| for RARE behaviors, studied extensively over time |
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Term
| Experimental research (5 traits) |
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Definition
1. testable hypothesis
2. random assignment
3. manipulate IV
4.see effect on DV
5. SHOW CAUSALITY |
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Term
| Types of experimental research (2) |
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Definition
-group experimental
-comparative treatment |
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Term
| Single case subject design (def + 2 types) |
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Definition
-studies one or several cases, rigorous study, repeated measurement
-withdrawal (A->B->A) monitor, treat, remove treatment (ethics-taking away a working treatment)
-multiple baseline- multiple IV, improved internal validity, NO withdrawal |
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Term
| Time-based studies (2 types and defs) |
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Definition
-cross-sectional - at ONE time, look at different age groups (cohort confound)
-longitudinal- SAME people over time |
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