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| explanation of human behaviour, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation |
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| rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic theory |
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| details of the combination of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder |
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| pattern of development and change of a disorder over time |
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| unconscious processes originating in the ego that are observed in response to particular situations; often adaptive coping styles when they occur in moderation |
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| psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream contents are examined as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychic conflict |
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| derived from psychoanalysis, this theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorders to failure of the ego to manage impulses and internal conflicts |
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| cause or source of a disorder |
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| psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring |
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| number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time period |
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| in psychoanalytics, the struggles among the id, ego, and superego |
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| early, nonscientific approach to the study of psychology involving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked |
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| mid-nineteenth-century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment |
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| psychosocial approach to treatment that involved treating patents as normally as possible in normal environments |
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| modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them |
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| therapy method in which the client, rather than the counsellor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility |
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| number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time |
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| predicted future development of a disorder over time |
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| complex and comprehensive theory that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behaviour, based primarily on inferred entities and forces |
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| process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences |
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| the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what one says and does |
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| agonist (neurotransmitter-related) |
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| chemical substance that effectively increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by imitating its effects |
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| antagonist (neurotransmitter-related) |
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| medications that block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs |
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| fild of study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information |
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| cognitive-behavioural therapy |
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| treatment procedures aimed at identifying and modifying faulty thought processes, attitudes and attributions, and problem behaviours |
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| hypothesis that both an inherited tendency (vulnerability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder |
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| neurotransmitter that generally activitites other neurotransmitters and aids in exploratory/pleasure-seeking behaviours |
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| pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response |
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| developmental psychopathology principle that a behaviour or disorder may have several different causes |
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| gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
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| neurotransmitter that reduces activity across the synapse and thus inhibits a range of behaviours and emotions |
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| interpersonal psychotherapy |
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| treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors such as role disputes in marital conflicts, or forming relationships in marriage or a new job |
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| inverse agonist (neurotransmitter-related) |
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| chemical substance that produces effects opposite those of a particular neurotransmitter |
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| enduring period of emotionality |
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| neurotransmitter that is active in the central and peripheral nervous systems controlling heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, among other functions |
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| type of learning that does not require direct experience; rather an organism can learn by observing what happens to another organism and later imitating the other organism's behaviour |
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| certain associations can be learned more readily than others because this ability has been adaptive for evolution |
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| reciprocal gene-environment model |
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| hypothesis that people whit a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder |
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| neurotransmitter involved in processing information and coordination of movement as well as inhibition and restrain |
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| measuring, observing, and systematically evaluating the clients' thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the actual problem situation or context |
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| classical categorical approach |
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| classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a different known cause |
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| preliminary assessment of a client's judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state |
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| the actual labels or names that are applied within a nosology |
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| classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena |
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| treatment outcome research |
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