Term
| Major Depressive Episode (MDE) |
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Definition
| characterized by severe depression that lasts at least 2 weeks. Is not a diagnosis, but s set of symptoms that support making a diagnosis. |
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Term
| Affect: the mood symptoms of depression |
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Definition
-feelings of unremitting sadness, hopelessness, or numbness
-anhedonia
-excessive weepiness
-decreased sexual interest |
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Term
| Behavioral and physical symptoms of depression |
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Definition
-make more negative comments
-less eye contact
-less responsive
-speak softly and in shorter sentences
-psychomotor agitation or retardation
-fatigued |
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Term
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Definition
| an inability to sit still, evidenced by pacing, hand wringing, or rubbing or pulling the skin, clothes, or other objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| a slowing of motor functions indicated by slowed bodily movements and speech and lower volume, variety, or amount of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| sleeping more hours each day than normal |
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Term
| Cognitive symptoms of depression |
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Definition
-ruminate over past failings
-misinterpret statements made by other people as evidence of their worthlessness
-unwarranted responsibility for negative events |
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Term
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Definition
| early symptoms of a disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the period of time prior to a patient's illness |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| A mood disorder marked by 5 or more syptoms of an MDE lasting more than 2 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| evidence suggests that the risk of developing depression is higher among people born more recently than those born during earlier parts of the previous century. |
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Term
| Comorbidity of depression and anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| persistent depressive disorder (dysthmia) |
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Definition
| characterized by depressed mood and as few as 2 other depressive symptoms for at least 2 years and that do not recede for longer than 2 months at any time during that period. |
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Term
| Brain systems associated with depression |
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Definition
| -unusually low activity in frontal lobe that has connections to the amygdala and other brain areas involved in emotions |
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Term
| depression- neurotransmitters |
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Definition
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine
-involved in reward and emotion
- complex interactions among numerous neurotransmitters |
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Term
| stress-diathesis model of depression |
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Definition
| stressor-> hypothalamic activity -> pituitary activity ->adrenal glands release cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| mood disorders in which a person's mood is often persistently and abnormally upbeat or shifts inappropriately from upbeat to markedly down |
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Term
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Definition
| a period of at least one week characterized by abnormally increased energy or activity and abnormal and persistent euphoria or expansive mood or irritability. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood that involves unceasing, indiscriminate enthusiasm for interpersonal or sexual interactions of for |
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Term
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Definition
| thoughts that race faster than they can be said. |
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Term
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Definition
has the same criteria as a manic episode with 2 significant differences:
1. dont impair functioning, require hospitalization, or have psychotic features
2.they last a min. of 4 days, not 1 week
-rarely includes the flight of ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| having 4 or more episodes that meet the criteria for any type of mood episode within 1 year. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood disorder characterized by chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with depressive symptoms, each of which does not meet the criteria for its respective mood episodes. |
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Term
| brain systems- bipolar disorder |
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Definition
| -enlarged amygdala- more active |
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Term
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Definition
| serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of agitation or nervousness, which is often focused on an upcoming possible danger |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of agitation or nervousness which is often focused on an upcoming possible danger. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of psych disorders in which the primary symptoms involve fear, extreme anxiety, intense arousal, an or extreme attempts to avoid stimuli that lead to fear and anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| an extreme sense or fear of imminent doom, together with an extreme stress response |
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Term
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Definition
| an exaggerated fear of an object or a situation, together with an extreme avoidance of the object or situation |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
an anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable worry and anxiety about a number of events or activities, which are not solely the result of another disorder
-lasting at least 6 months
- rooted in distress, worry, and the continued intrusion of negative thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
-isnt associated with the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
-decreased arousal that arises from an unusually responsive parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| GAD- neural communication |
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Definition
-the dopamine in the frontal of these patients does not function normally
-GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine |
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Term
| GAD psychological factors |
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Definition
1. hypervigilance
2.feel that their worries are out of control and they cant stop
3.the act of worrying prevents anxiety from becoming panic and thus the act of worrying is negatively reinforcing
. |
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Term
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Definition
| stressful life events can trigger |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific period of intense fear or discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms such as pounding heart, shortness of breath, shakiness, and sweating or cognitive symptoms, such as fear of losing control. |
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Term
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Definition
an anxiety disorder characterized by frequent, unexpected panic attacks and possible restrictions of behavior in order to prevent such attacks
-women are 2x more likely to be diagnosed |
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Term
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of situations that might trigger panic symptoms of from which help would be difficult to obtain.ty+z |
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Term
| brain systems- agoraphobia and panic disorder |
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Definition
| Brains have a low threshold for detecting decreased oxygen in the blood, which triggers a brain mechanism that warns us when we are suffocating |
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Term
| neurotransmitters agoraphobia and panic |
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Definition
norepinephrine and serotonin
-locus coeruleus |
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Term
| psychological factors- agoraphobia and panic |
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Definition
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