Term
| Criteria for Major Depression: |
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Definition
A) The presence of Major Depressive Episode
B) Not better accounted for by another disorder
C) There has never been a Manic Episode, a Mixed Episode, or a Hypomanic Episode. |
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Term
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Definition
5+ of the following present during the same 2-week period, representing a change from previous functioning; at least (1) or (2):
1)Depressed mood (sadness)
2)Anhedonia - markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all activities
3)Significant weight loss or weight gain (> 5% in a month); or decrease or increase in appetite
4)Insomnia or hypersomnia
5)Psychomotor agitation or retardation
6)Fatigue or loss of energy
7)Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8)Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9)Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or plan |
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Term
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Definition
A. Depressed mood most of the day, most days for 2+ years (1 year for children & adolescents)
B. Presence of 2+ of the following:
1) poor appetite or overeating
2) insomnia or hypersomnia
3) low energy or fatigue
4) low self-esteem
5) poor concentration, difficulty making decisions
6) feelings of hopelessness
C. During 2 years, never without the symptoms of A & B for more than 2 months.
D. No Major Depressive Episode during first two years of the disturbance.
E. No manic, mixed, hypomanic episodes.
F. Does not occur exclusively during other disorders
G. No related to effects of drugs, or medical condition
H. Impairment |
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Term
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Definition
| constant 2 years of depression. A less severe, more chronic unipolar depression |
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Term
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Definition
A)A distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting 1+ week (unless hospitalized).
B)Includes 3+ of the following symptoms:
1)Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
2)Decreased need for sleep
3)More talkative or pressured speech
4)Flights of ideas, or subjective experience of thoughts racing
5)Distractibility
6)Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
7)Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential for painful consequences (buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, investments
C)Symptoms do not meet mixed episode criteria
D)Impairment, hospitalization, or psychotic features E)Not due to a substance! |
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Term
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Definition
A) A distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting 4+ days and different from usual mood.
B)Includes 3+ of the following symptoms:
1)Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
2)Decreased need for sleep
3)More talkative or pressured speech
4)Flights of ideas, or subjective experience of thoughts racing
5)Distractibility
6)Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
7)Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential for painful consequences (buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, investments
C)Unequivocal change in functioning
D)Observable by others
E)Not severe enough to cause impairment, or necessitate hospitalization, or a GMC.
F)Not due to a substance! |
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Term
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Definition
A.1(+) Manic Episode or Mixed Episode
B.Substance induced, GMC, or treatment related episodes don’t count.
C.Not better accounted for by another disorder.
NO DEPRESSION*** |
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Term
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Definition
A.1(+) Major Depressive Episode
B.1(+) Hypomanic Episode
C.NO Manic Episodes
D.Not another disorder
E.DISTRESS &/OR IMPAIRMENT
NEEDS DEPRESSION*** |
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Term
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Definition
| Is not a dsm diagnosis, it is a slang term. Means a major depression along with dysthymia. Recognized as risk factor for suicide. Existition of dysthymia along with major depressio. 2 years of dys then a major depression episode hits and then goes back to reg funky (dysthymia) |
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Term
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Definition
| To have diminished interest or pleasure in all activities |
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Term
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Definition
| prominent physiological symptoms (Insomnia, hypersomnia) |
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Term
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Definition
| delusions & hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of movement, disturbances in speech |
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Term
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Definition
| assortment of odd symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| within 4 weeks of delivery of child |
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Term
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Definition
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (the north has this problem) |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters implicated in mood disorders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•Travels all over the brain… doing everything & nothing.
•Regulates emotion
•Genes related to 5-ht identified in several illnesses |
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Term
Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline |
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Definition
•Produced by neurons in the brain stem
•Cocaine & Amphetamines prolog the action of norepinephrine by slowing its reuptake. |
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Term
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Definition
•Affects reward systems in the brain
•Important to functioning of muscle systems
•Lack of DA identified in Parkinson’s disease |
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Term
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Definition
–Depression caused by reduction of monoamines in the synapses.
•Decreased synthesis
•Increased degradation by synaptic enzymes
•Impaired release or reuptake
–Mania caused by excess.
–Current focus on receptors… |
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Term
| Fronline Meds for Bipolar |
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Definition
Lithium**
–Stabilizes a number of neurotransmitter systems: serotonin, dopamine etc.
–More effective in reducing mania symptoms than depression symptoms.
•Problems:
–Everyone has a different rate of absorption.
–Small difference between effective dose & toxic dose.
–Patients miss positive symptoms of mania. |
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Term
| Premenstural Dysphoric Disorder |
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Definition
in the appendix. No spikes in depression once a women gets to menopause.
Some believe that there is abundant evidence to indicate that PMDD is a mood disorder; others argue that the meaning of the data is unclear. |
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Term
| Main Ideas of Psychodynamic Theory |
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Definition
- Patterns of unhealthy relationships, poor “sense of self” stem from
childhood experiences.
- Depression develops from perceived abandonment, failure in
relationships.
- Depressed people are unconsciously punishing themselves because they cannot punish perceived abandoner. |
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Term
| Goal of Psychodynamic Theory |
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Definition
| - Facilitate insight into unconscious hostility & fears of abandonment to facilitate change in self-concept & behaviors. |
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Term
| How Psychodynamic Theory Works |
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Definition
| - Frequent, individual therapy sessions. Therapists analyzes unconscious sources. |
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Term
| Specific Techniques of Psychodynamic Theory |
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Definition
| - Observing transference to the therapist, the content of dreams, themes in memories of childhood events. |
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Term
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Definition
Interpersonal Theory
Disturbances in people’s roles in their close relationships are the main cause of depression.
Contingencies of Self-Worth – maladaptive “if-then” rules
Excessive Reassurance Seeking – constantly look for assurances. (to belong*)
Focus on interpersonal stuff, how we see ourselves in a social context |
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Term
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Definition
Grief Loss
Interpersonal role Disputes
Role Transitions
Interpersonal Skills Deficits |
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Term
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Definition
Help the client accept feelings and evaluates a relationship with a lost person
Help client invest in new relationships |
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Term
| Interpersonal Role Disputes |
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Definition
| Help client compromise and communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| Help clients be more realistic toward roles that are lost and embrace new roles |
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Term
| Interpersonal Skill Deficits |
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Definition
Help client review past-relationships, understand how they affect current relationships, understand how they affect current relationships;
directly teach social skills |
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Term
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Definition
Challenge your own ideas, more realistic view of life.
Evidence based treatment, asking client to look for their own thoughts
People with depression have negative beliefs and, as a result, commit interpretation errors that cause negative affect.
Automatic Thoughts related to Negative Cognitive Triad negative views of yourself, the world, & the future.
Thinking Errors
This has led to the most widely used and successful therapy sessions |
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Term
| Goals of Cognitive Theory |
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Definition
1)Cognitive - change negative thinking.
2)Behavioral - Solve problems, develop skills. |
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Term
| How Cognitive Theory Changes Things |
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Definition
| Individual, short-term, client-centered therapy sessions. |
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Term
| Goal of Behavioral Theory |
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Definition
| Increase positive reinforcers & decrease aversive experiences. |
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Term
| How Behavioral Theory works |
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Definition
| Individual, short-term (several months) therapy sessions. Identifying precipitants. Teaching skills. |
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Term
| Specific Techniques of Behavioral Theory |
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Definition
§ Functional Analysis
§ Behavioral Activation
§ Social Rhythms
Figure out what maintains factors of depression. Resets the depression currently, not what happened before |
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Term
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Definition
350 things to do.
Systematically taken all the good things out of their lives. These things will slowly bring in happy thoughts and bring them out of depression. |
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Term
| Professor made a ____ - __ _____ that works in any culture/language and works as an SSRI |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ program that certain things are inherently positive experiences into peoples lives |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nondepressed people greatly overestimate the amount of control they have, especially over positive events.
So preventing depression is not accurate realistic thinking, but hope and optimism?
Unrealistic ideas that people have, which doesn’t actually help them |
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Term
| Ruminative Response Theory |
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Definition
The process of thinking contributes to depression.
Rumination – focusing intently on how you feel, without attempting to do anything about it.
Women ruminate more than men… |
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Term
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Definition
focusing intently on how you feel, without attempting to do anything about it.
not doing anything with our thoughts, but actually thinking about ideas over and over again. On bad events, scary things can actually cause depression. Anger rumination, someone doing something bad to you and keep on going and going about the idea, which actually causes anger and continuous thoughts in their heads. |
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Term
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Definition
| cant stop thinking about it |
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Term
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Definition
| •Reduce reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin by changing responsiveness of receptors. Old school way, no longer used, too dangerous! |
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Term
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Definition
•Monoamine Oxidase is a synaptic enzyme.
•MAOIs increase synaptic neurotransmitter levels by decreasing enzyme action.
•Problems:
–Fatal interactions: tyramine, antihypertension & antihistamine meds.
–Cause liver damage, weight gain etc.
•Similarly effective (~60% get better)
Ex. Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Nardail, Marplan |
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Term
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Definition
Selective Serotonin uptake Inhibitors
•Prevent reuptake of serotonin in the synapse.
•118 million of 2.4 billion drugs prescribed in 2005 (CDC).
•Why:
–Relief within a couple of weeks.
–Less severe side effects.
–Not fatal in overdose.
Ex. Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Escitalopram, Sertraline |
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Term
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Definition
Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
•Affect reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin.
•Introduced in the past decade.
•Similar Advantages to SSRIs, except more stimulant effects.
Ex. Bupropion, Duloxetine, Venlafaxine |
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Term
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II
Major depressive episode |
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Definition
bipolar I:
can occur, but not necessary
bipolar II: Necessary for diagnosis |
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Term
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II
Full Mani Episode |
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Definition
Bipolar I:
Necessary for diagnosis
Bipolar II:
CAN NOT be present for diagnosis |
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Term
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II
Hypomanic Episode |
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Definition
Bipolar I:
Can occur, not necessary
Bipolar II:
Necessary for diagnosis |
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Term
| Duration of Major Depressive |
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Definition
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Term
| Duration of Dysthymic Disorder |
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Definition
| 2+ years of depression- adults 1+ years for children |
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Term
| Duration of Manic Episode |
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Definition
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Term
| Duration of Hypomanic Episode |
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Definition
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