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| How egyptians treated hysteria |
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| Make an opening in the person's skull to allow the demons to exit |
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| Given to a person to rid their body of stomach contents in order to make the demon uncomfortable |
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| Portuguese neurologist believed that the cause of mental disorders was due to a reverberating circuit in the brain. Did the first lobtomy |
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| Advocate for the lobotomy |
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| Similar to an ice pic. "Brain- Knife" |
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| Plug of tissue is removed, weighed to see if it was equal on both sides; if not they removed more |
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| Sleep in a temple and your dreams would reflect and suggest a treatment |
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| Choleric, Angry, Irritable |
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| Melancholic, sad, depressed |
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| Hopeful, happy, warm, optimistic-mania |
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| Avicenna Stories (2 of them) |
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1.)Prince who thought he was a cow
2.) Heart sick man |
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| An individual takes the characteristics unacceptable in him/her and throws them onto others; women became scapegoats (Renaissance era in Europe) |
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| An individual expresses a view that is the opposite of what he/she truly believes; i.e. someone is obsessed with porn but starts a campaign against it. |
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| "Leave no stone unturned" in the hunt for the devil |
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Had three parts:
1.) Proved existence of witches
2.) How to identify witches
3.) How to try witches and punish them |
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| Anesthesia (needle trick) |
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| Poked you all over with a needle. If you didn't scream at a poke, that spot is where the devil possessed you. |
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| Sign of the devil; marks on the body where "devil made imprint" |
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| Wrote a book "The nobility and pre-eminence of the feminine sex"; started the idea of that all women aren't evil/bad/witches |
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| Studied with Agrippa; physician for the Duke; "witch hunters" came after him |
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| Talks about a 16 year old girl who claims to be able to take a cloth of needles and swallow and regurgitate it because she is a witch |
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| Writes book called "Discovery of Witchcraft"; talked about sickness affecting witches brains and impairing their powers of judgement; book was burned |
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| First women ever mentioned in Abnormal Psychology; acted sick instead of possessed with accused of being a witch. IT WORKED!!!!!! |
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| patients here called "lunatics"; root of the word "bedlam" |
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| In Belguim; tolerated lunatics and embraced them |
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| Father of modern psychiatry; wanted to see more patients let free |
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| Worked for Phil Pinel and did most of his work |
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| Quaker who lost friend in an asylum; created moral therapy |
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| Lack of restraints, combination of work and leisure, family style setting |
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| Father of American psychiatry; Wrote first textbook on psychiatry; only hired kind attendants; invented tranquilizer chair |
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| Started a crusade in Massachusetts; started the founding of more than 30 hospitals for mentally ill to be funded by the government; St. Elizabeth's Hospital is famous |
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| Invented mesmerism; thought universe was made of magnetic fluid and if trapped in our bodies made us ill |
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| famous from Sigmon Freud and came out of mesmerism |
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| National Committee for Mental Hygiene |
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| Formed in 1909 after Clifford Beers was treated like shit in the mental ward |
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| Described two disorders: Manic Depressive psychosis & Bipolar |
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| Oldest model; roots were in mesmerism; Supported by Charcot and Freud |
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| Classical conditioning with Ivan Pavlov; John Watson (was mean to little albert; B.F. Skinner (operant conditioning) |
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| Pseudo Patient Study by Rosenhan |
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Healthy people said they heard "empty hollow thud" in ear and got admitted in mental hospital; basically showed that:
1.)it's hard to tell the sane from the insane
2.) Our diagnosis are not always accurate |
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| we want around .7, but we really want .8 |
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| Degree of agreement between different doctors on a diagnosis |
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| Studied Reliability of diagnosis; showed that only 54% of the time doctors agreed |
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| Three Things Responsible for Errors in agreement |
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1.) Patient could be making something up
2.) We don't ask proper follow up questions
3.) The system |
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I. Clinical disorders
II. Personality disorders/mental retardation
III. General medical conditions
IV. Psychosocial or environmental problems
V. Global Assessment of Functioning |
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| Person has more than one disorder |
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| Disorders men are predominant in |
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Anti-social personality (guys hate talking)
Sexual deviations (men like sex)
Alcohol Dependence (men like beer) |
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| Disorder with highest genetic link |
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| "Rule out" diagnosis; you rule things out because they can confuse you with your diagnosis |
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| A collection of psychological tests |
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1. Intelligence Tests (like WAIS-IV or Stanford-Binet)
2. Personality Tests (like MMPI-2) |
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1. Rorschach Inkblot test (the pictures on cards)
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. House-Tree-Person (HTP) |
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1. Bender-Gestalt; can measure personality
2. Halstead-Reitan; tells you what weaknesses person has |
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| Tells us when to stop administering a test; when a person has missed a certain number |
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| Noncontingent Reinforcement |
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| after every answer you say "Good" or "Greatttt" |
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| psychologist at Bellevue hospital; used the Stanford-Binet test; found that the test lacked face validity (adults need harder questions) |
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Adult= 100
Majority of population between 85-115 |
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| A perceptual Reasoning Index; tell what is missing in the picture; Schizophrenics have trouble with this |
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| Three steps in administering the Rorschach Inkblot Test |
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1. Free Response: What do they see?
2. Location: "Where do you see that ?"
3. Testing the Limits: Reality contact |
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| Person gets institutionalized because they need the treatment |
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| "Right-Wrong" rule;First "not guilty" plea due to insanity |
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| Case with guy who cut girls pigtails; went to supreme court and deemed not guilty of a crime because your actions were a product of mental disease |
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| The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 |
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| Follows assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan; guy found not guilty by plea of insanity; |
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| Video guy who killed 4 people: plead not guilty due to insanity; eventually said he "was" insane but now "isn't"; stayed in mental hospital |
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| Insanity Plea (how often is it used) |
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Used in 35-40% of all cases people think BUT it is used way way less
-less than 1% insanity pleas
- only 26% of that 1% actually successful
- 90% of those pleading insanity are male
-Those found not guilty by reason of insanity, 84% schizophrenia and bipolar |
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| Burden Shift in the Court |
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| Burden now on to the defendant after the Insanity Defense Reform Act |
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| Visited his dad in Florida and complains of drowsiness and that "someone drugged his food" in California; Dad files petition saying he is a paranoid schizophrenic; turns out he was not mentally ill nor did he receive any treatment |
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| Least Restrictive Alternative (LRA) |
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| If you can take care of this problem in a short 24hour window, then do it |
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| Reasons for Commitment (into psych ward) |
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1. Impaired judgement i.e. guy cuts own hand off
2. Need for treatment: the "thank you" reason;
3. Grave Disability: person cannot care for themselves
4. Danger to Self
5. Danger to Others |
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Dude in Texas hospitalized 7times in 8 years; was committed because he was dangerous to self and others;
Argued proof should be "beyond reasonable doubt" |
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