Minor Tranquilizers

Can interfere with cognitive functions.

Mood state marked with negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension.

Anticipates future dangers or misfortune.

Feelings, behaviors and physiological responses

Which is better for trating GAD?

Anti-dipresseants or Benzodiazepines?

Anti-depressants for the long term.

Benzodiazepines have bad effects such as impairing motor skills and huge dependencies. But are good prescribed for short-term

GAD more prevalent in males or females?

Yougn or elderly?

Fear and avoidance of situations that the person believes might induce a panic attack.

Avoid certain areas because afraid a panic attack may occur there.

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult and a panic attack may occur.

Such as a shut in bathroom

Not toughing it out...

Consuming a lot of alcohol.. not healthy

Similiar to a panic attack. But also tends to have uncontrollable shotuing or bursting into tears.

Culturally typical among Hispanic Americans. Especially in the Caribbean

Occur deep in the stage of sleep, often in children.

Stage of sleepwalking. Screaming and fright. but no recollection in the morning.

Unlike nocturnal panic

During state between sleep and waking (Transition)

Unable to move, surge of terror that resembles a panic attack.

Occasionally hallucinations (REM is spilling into this)

Negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.

Tense anticipiation of a threatening but vague event; a feeling of uneasy suspense

Immediate alarm reaction to danger

An emotional reaction to a specific perceived danger

Biological: Genetic tendency, temperament, reactive infant, anxious and jumpy

Psychological

Social

Integrated model: Triple vulnerability

Anxiety disorders: Biology, genetics

Neurotransmitter shit

Low GABA

Probably serotonertic and noradrenergic

Corticotrophin Releasing FActor activates HPA axis

Limbic system

Behavioral Inhibition System

Relationships/interpersonal experiences

Axis IV variables

They all go together

Anxiety - Depression - Substance Abuse

Not disproportionate to threat

No deep psych mechanisms

Can be confronted rationally

Naturally and necessary for survival and success

unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury or possibility of injection.

Fainting and drop in blood pressure

Anxiety involving enclosed places or public transportation

Claustrophobia

Fear of flying

Fear of situations or events in nature

Heights, storms, water

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects

Generally develops in early life

Real examples

False alarm in a certain situation (panic attack)

Seeing another experience fear (Vicarious experience)

Being told about the danger (rare)

Being told constantly about a fear (such as snakes)

And eventually you develop a phobia of it

"Wear high boots in the grass!"

Turns into: Even wearing in city

Yes, especially blood-injury-injection.

Although not completely set in stone. They do contribute to specific phobias.

Unsure if it is genetics or modeling

Specific Phobia (Female:Male-4:1)

Social Phobia (Female:Male-1.4:1)

Phobics tend to remember angry faces

Normals tend to remember more accepting faces

Role-play their socially phobic situations in front of one another (group therapy)

Also intensive cognitive therapy

Best to include parents

Tricylic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase helps treat severe social anxiety as well

Identify the phobia:

Mark had no friends and hid in the boys bathroom during lunch and recess.

Identify the phobia:

Dennis fears and avoids storms. On his first oceangoing cruise, he found that deep water terrified him too.

Identify the phobia:

Rita was terrified at the zoo when she saw the insects

Identify the phobia:

Armando loves to eat fish, but is terrified of choking on a bone!

Specific Phobia

Partially situational (eating fish)

Identify the Phobia:

John faints at the sight of blood

Identify the Phobia:

Turned down nice job offers with public speaking for a low paying desk job

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Distressing emotional disorder that follows a severe helplessness or fear inducing threat.

Reexperiences trauma, avoids associated stimuli.

Numbing of responsiveness and increased vigilance and arousal

Reaction following terrifying event. Often amnesia, emotional numbing, derealization.

May develop into PTSD

Acute Stress Disorder - PTSD within first month

Acute PTSD - 1 month after event

Chronic PTSD - Longer than 3 months

Delayed-Onset PTSD - A while after the trauma, develop it

Strange, many huge events such as bombings and all don't tend to develop any more likely.

However, combat: and sexual assault are common contributants

Assumptions: Air raids, bombings: Did not directly experience the horrors