Term
| How is the Pancreas formed? |
|
Definition
| by fusion of the dorsal and ventral bud |
|
|
Term
| What is the main pancreatic duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Duct of Wirsung seen and what does it look like on ultrasound? |
|
Definition
| seen in the body as 2 echogenic lines with hypoechoic central line |
|
|
Term
| Where does the duct of wirsung empty? |
|
Definition
| in duodenum at ampulla of vater |
|
|
Term
| What is ampulla of vater surrounded by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the accessory duct of the pancreas called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the duct of santorini do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pancreas in relation to the lesser sac? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pancreas in relation to the stomach and duodenum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the pancreas lie in relation to the pararenal space btwn duodenal loop and splenic hilum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
| Head, neck, body and tail |
|
|
Term
| What is the anterior border of the pancreas head? |
|
Definition
posterior wall of the stomach
portion to the right of the SMV
anterior to the IVC
caudal to PV
anterior to SMV |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CBD located? |
|
Definition
| Posterior and Lateral to head |
|
|
Term
| Gastroduodenal artery is located where? |
|
Definition
| anterior and lateral to head |
|
|
Term
| The Splenic vein and SMV join together to form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Uncinate process of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
small curved tip portion of the head
located directly posterior to the SMV
Inferior to caudate lobe |
|
|
Term
| Where is the neck of the pancreas located? |
|
Definition
directly anterior to the SMV
between body and head |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest section of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the body of the pancreas located? |
|
Definition
| anterior to aorta, SMA, LRV, adrenal gland and left kidney |
|
|
Term
| What is the superior border of the Body of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pancreatic tail located? |
|
Definition
just left lateral border of aorta and vertebral body
anterior to left kidney
posterior to the stomach
medial to spleen
extends to splenic hilum |
|
|
Term
| What is the anterior border of the pancreatic tail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the posterior border of the pancreatic tail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the texture of a normal pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to the liver the pancreas' texture is what |
|
Definition
isoechoic
hyperechoic to liver |
|
|
Term
| Where does the celiac axis originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three branches of the celiac axis? |
|
Definition
left gastric
common hepatic
splenic artery |
|
|
Term
| Where the the splenic artery arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four branches of the splenic artery? |
|
Definition
suprapancreatic
pancreatic
prepancreatic
prehilur |
|
|
Term
| Where does the splenic artery course? |
|
Definition
along superior border of pancreas
anterior and superior to SMV |
|
|
Term
| Where does the common hepatic artery arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the common hepatic artery course? |
|
Definition
| along superior margin of 1st part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| as common hepatic artery crosses portal vein what does it divide into? |
|
Definition
| proper hepatic and gastroduodenal artery |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CBD located? |
|
Definition
| lies lateral to the proper hepatic artery |
|
|
Term
| What is anterolateral border of pancreatic head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the SMA located in respect to the pancreas? |
|
Definition
Posterior to neck of pancreas and anterior to uncinate process
posterior to bancreatic body
courses anterior to the 3rd portion of the duodenum to enter the small bowel mesentery |
|
|
Term
| Portal vein is formed posterior to neck of pancreas by the junction of what 2 veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the splenic vein course? |
|
Definition
| from the splenic hilum to the portal confluence |
|
|
Term
| When joined by the SMV, what does the Splenic vein form behind the neck of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Portal confluence seen? |
|
Definition
| posterior to the neck and anterior lateral to the SMA in trv. |
|
|
Term
| What is pancreatic agenesis? |
|
Definition
| body and tail may be absent with hypertrophic head |
|
|
Term
| What is pancreatic agenesis? |
|
Definition
| body and tail may be absent with hypertrophic head |
|
|
Term
| What is pancreatic agenesis? |
|
Definition
| body and tail may be absent with hypertrophic head |
|
|
Term
| What is an annular pancreas? |
|
Definition
pancreatic head encircles the duodenum
can cause complete or partial atresia
susceptible to pancreatic disease |
|
|
Term
| Where can ectopic pancreatic tissue be found? |
|
Definition
| in GI tract, stomach, duodenum, small or large intestine |
|
|
Term
| What diseases can occur in ectopic pancreatic tissue? |
|
Definition
acute pancreatitis
pancreatic tumor |
|
|
Term
| What is fibrocystic disease? |
|
Definition
disorder of exocrine glands suuch as pancreas, lungs, intestines
become clogged with mucous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds |
|
|
Term
| with pancreas divisum, drainage of the ventral portion goes through what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with pancreas divisum drainage of the dorsal portion goes through what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some indications of pancreatic disease? |
|
Definition
severe epigastric pain
abdominal pain that radiates to the back and decrease when patient is sitting, leaning foward or laying down
abdominal distention with hypoactive bowel sounds
abnormal lipase and amylase
modality of choice in adults is CT scan |
|
|
Term
| Demonstration of the pancreatic head surrounding the duodenum is consistent with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of proteins into amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the pancreas is posterior to the superior mesenteric vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common complication associated with acute pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Islet cells of Langerhans secrete hormones directly into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a whipple procedure, normal pancreatic tissue is attached to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the peripancreatic tissues is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudocyst formation is most commonly located in which of the following abdominal recesses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme changes fats into fatty acids and glycerol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which region of the pancreas is located most superiorly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ectopic pancreatic tissue is most commonly located in which organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pathology accounts for half of the cysstic neoplasms involving the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In acute pancreatitis, this lab value remains elevated longest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main pancreatic duct is most commonly visualized in which section of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors are malignant or benign |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pancreas and surrounding vascular landmarks should be examined from the level of the |
|
Definition
| celiac axis to below the renal veins |
|
|
Term
| The diameter of the pancreatic duct in the head neck regional should not exceed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of pancreatic malignancies involve which portion of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which section of the pancreas are islet cell tumors most commonly located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tail of the pancreas generally extends toward the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The leakage of pancreatic enzymes into the surrounding peritoneal space describes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sheath of muscle fibers surrounding the distal common bile duct describes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are acini cells exocrine or endocrine tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of pancreatic juices (exocrine) |
|
Definition
amylase
lipase
trypsin and chymotrypsin
sodium bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| trypsin and chymotrypsin is an enzyme that digests what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is released by mucosa of duodenum to stimulate production of gastric juices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This stimulates production of sodium bicarbonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this produces and secretes glucagon to increase blood sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thi produces and secretes insulin to lower blood sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This produces and secretes somatostain which regulates the production glucagon and insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intestinal obstruction causes large amounts of gas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatic juice escapes into the lesser sac and pararenal space causing irritation and or inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pathology includes the gray turner sign which is discoloration of abdomen due to necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreas is better imaged in children - true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the echogenicity of the pancreas in children more hypoechoic or hyperechoic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of acute pancreatitis is caused by sudden escape of pancreatic juices into parenchyma causing focal necrosis in and around pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spreading of diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissue outside the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phlegmonous pancreatitis includes which 3 areas |
|
Definition
lesser sac
pararenal space
transverse mesocolon |
|
|
Term
| Irreversible damange due to repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperlipidemia and hypercalcemia are two causes of which disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True cysts can be unilocular or multilocular - true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true pancreatic cysts arise from which part of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| collection of fluid (pancreatic juices, debris, blood) arising from loculation of inflammation process, necrosis, or hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatic pseudocysts are congenital or acquired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common complication of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatic psuedocysts are usually asymptomatic until quite large - true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two locations of pseudocysts |
|
Definition
most often lesser sac
2nd anterior pararenal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peritoneal cavity
mediastinum
small bowel mesentery into retroperitoneum to pelvis and groin
area of spleen and 2nd portion of duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single with posterior enhancement
shape and size vary
wall sharp, smooth, well defined or thickened
anechoic or low level echoes
mostly near head and body |
|
|
Term
| What part of the pancreas can you find a microcystic adenoma? |
|
Definition
body and tail
they are benign
50% of pancreatic cystic neoplasm after age 60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is macrocystic adenoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macrocystic adenoma are usually found in the |
|
Definition
tail of the pancreas
malignant, women around age 50 |
|
|
Term
| Demonstration of the pancreatic head surrounding the duodenum is consistant with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common malignancy of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenocarcinoma are located in the _______of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications for a sonogram of the pancreas include |
|
Definition
biliary disease
weight loss
severe epigastric pain
elevated serum amylase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metastasis to liver
portal venous system affected
splenic vein enlargement
sma may be displaced
ascited |
|
|
Term
| Most common islet cell tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of proteins into amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insulinoma is functiona or non functional? Where is it located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the location of the uncinate proscess is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common complication associated with acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functional islet tumors are usually benign or malignant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastrinoma is what type of islet cell tumor - functional or nonfunctional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do Islet cells of langerhans secrete hormones |
|
Definition
| directly into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| In a whipple procedure, where is normal pancreatic tissue attached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peptic ulceration with gastric hypersecreation and non beta cell tumor of islet cells |
|
Definition
| zollinger ellison syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the peripancreatic tissues is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name two rare islet cell tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common cause of acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non functioning islet cell tumors are located mostly in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of non functioning islet cell tumors |
|
Definition
giant cell
adenosquamous carcinomas
mucinous adenocarcinoma
anaplatic carcinoma
solid and apillary epithelial |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common primary site of metastatic disease to the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 59 yr old male; hx of acute pancreatitis with symptoms of abdominal pain; LUQ; palpable mass; extreme elevations of pancreatic enzymes most likely describes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does metastatic disease to the pancreas mets to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
91 yr old female
s/s severe back pain; jaundice; weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| psuedocyst formation is most commonly located where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme changes fats into fatty acids and glycerol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ectopic pancreatic tissue is most commonly located in which organ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pancreas and surrounding vascular landmarks should be examined from the level of |
|
Definition
| the celiac axis to below the renal veins |
|
|
Term
| What pathology accounts for 1/2 of the cystic neoplasms involving the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In acute pancreatitis which lab test remains elevated the longest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sonographic characteristics of chronic pancreatitis |
|
Definition
increase in parenchymal echogenicity
irregular borders
calcifications
pseudocyst formation
atrophy
prominent pancreatic duct |
|
|
Term
| a clinical finding commonly associated with pancreatic carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient presents with hx of elevated insulin levels. this is common with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tail of the pancreas generally extends toward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diameter of the pancreatic duct in the head/neck region should not exceed |
|
Definition
|
|
