Term
| Which organ produces bile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which body function does the pancreas perform? |
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Definition
| Production of digestive juices |
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Term
| which organ stores and concentrates bile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which substance activates the muscular contraction of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| The spleen is part of which body system? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which organ are clusters of islet cells found? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many major lobes does the liver have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure forms the mesentery and omenta folds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organ's blood is supplied by the portal vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which duct is formed by the merging of the right and left hepatic ducts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct with the common hepatic duct? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the pancreatic and common bile ducts terminate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which three projections usually comprise the acute abdominal series for ambulatory patients? |
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Definition
| Supine KUB, AP upright abdomen, and PA chest |
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Term
| To which level of the patient should the IR be centered for the KUB? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the AP upright abdomen radiograph of an adult of average size, why should the IR be slightly raised above the centering level used for the supine KUB radiograph? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the KUB radiograph, when should respiration be suspended, and what effect will that have on the patient? |
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Definition
| On full expiration; elevate the diaphragm |
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Term
| Why is it desirable to include the diaphragm in the upright abdomen radiograph? |
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Definition
| To demonstrate free air in the abdomen |
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Term
| Which of the following guidelines is not necessary to follow when deciding whether to use gonadal shielding for the KUB radiograph? |
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Definition
| The permission to use gonadal shielding is granted by the patient. |
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Term
| Which projection should be used to demonstrate free air within the abdominal cavity when the patient is unable to stand for an upright abdomen radiograph? |
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Definition
| AP projection, left lateral decubitus position |
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Term
| Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen? |
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Definition
| AP projection with the patient supine |
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Term
| What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the abdomen over the AP projection of the abdomen? |
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Definition
| The PA projection reduces the exposure dose to the gonads. |
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Term
| Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the patient be placed in the lateral recumbent position on his or her left side and that the central ray be directed along the midsagittal plane, entering the anterior surface of the patient's abdomen at the level of the iliac crests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the patient be supine and that the central ray be directed to a lateral side of the patient, entering slighly anterior to the midcoronal plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the patient be placed in the lateral recumbent position on his or her left side, that the IR be placed under the patient and centered to the abdomen at the level of the iliac crests, and that the central ray be directed to enter the right side of the patient slightly anterior to the midcoronal plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position, the left lateral projection, and the left lateral decubitus position of the abdomen all require which of the following? |
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Definition
| The patient should suspend respiration after expiration |
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Term
| For the lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position, where should the central ray enter the patient? |
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Definition
| 2 inches(5cm) anterior to the midcoronal plane and 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests. |
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Term
| For the lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position, which procedure should be performed to ensure that the entire abdomen is included on the radiograph? |
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Definition
| Use support cushions to elevate the patient |
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Term
| Which structures should be examined to see whether the patient was rotated for a lateral projection of the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae |
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Term
| Which imaging procedure should be part of the OCG examination? |
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Definition
| Use short exposure times and short scale contrast. |
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Term
| For OCG procedures, when should respiration be suspended, and what effect will this have on the position of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
| On full expiration; elevate the gallbladder |
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Term
| Which procedure should be performed when the patient is rotated from a prone position to the LAO position for an OCG examination? |
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Definition
| Place a radiolucent foam wedge under the abdomen. |
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Term
| For an OCG examination of a patient of average build, where should the IR be centered? |
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Definition
| At the level of the 9th rib on the right side. |
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Term
| Compared to IR placement for a patient of average build, how should the IR be moved for an OCG examination of a hypersthenic patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which procedure should be performed for a subsequent PA projection radiograph when the initial PA projection radiograph demonstrates the shadow of the gallbladder superimposed by ribs? |
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Definition
| Make the exposure after full inspiration |
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Term
| Which procedure most effectively separates the shadows of the gallbladder and vertebrae? |
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Definition
| Rotate the patient into an oblique position |
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Term
| Which projection best demonstrates the stratification of gallstones? |
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Definition
| AP projection, right lateral decubitus position |
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Term
| Which procedure best demonstrates a gallbladder that is situated in the iliac fossa? |
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Definition
| Place the patient in the supine position |
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Term
| Why should patients be scheduled for OCG examinations in the early morning? |
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Definition
| Prolonged fasting causes the formation of gas |
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Term
| Which projection places the gallbladder closest to the IR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which procedure should not be performed as part of patient preparation for the OCG examiniation? |
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Definition
| Instruct the patient to take laxatives within 24 hours before swallowing oral contrast medium. |
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Term
| Which diagnostic modality is most often used when an OCG examination does not adequately demonstrate a gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which projection produces a foreshortened image of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
| PA projection with the patient prone |
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Term
| Which of the following projections does not increase the separation of the gallbladder shadow from the vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which procedure should be performed for the left PA oblique projection that is part of an OCG examination? |
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Definition
| Rotate thin patients more than large patients |
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Term
| which procedure should be performed when using the right lateral decubitus position that is part of an OCG examination? |
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Definition
| Place the patient on a radiolucent cushion |
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Term
| What is an advantage to using the right lateral decubitus position for demonstration of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
| This position enables the gallbladder to gravitate toward the dependent right side of the abdomen. |
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Term
| Which two projections best visualize the stratification of gallstones? |
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Definition
| AP(right lateral decubitus position) and prone PA projections |
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Term
| Which projection is generally not used as part of the OCG examination? |
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Definition
| Lateral projection, dorsal decubitus position |
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Term
| Which projection of the gallbladder can be performed only with a horizontally directed central ray? |
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Definition
| AP projection,right lateral decubitus position |
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