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Abbreivations-Medical
Abbreviations-Medical
374
Medical
Post-Graduate
05/02/2019

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

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Term
AAOx3
Definition
Awake, Alert and Oriented to person, place, and time
Term
A&Ox3
Definition
Alert and oreinted to person,place, and time
Term
A&W
Definition
Alive and well
Term
AAA
Definition
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Term
Abd
Definition
Abdomen
Term
ABG
Definition
Arterial blood gas
Term
ABX
Definition
Anti-biotics
Term
ACE
Definition
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Term
ACEI
Definition
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Term
Ach
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
ACL
Definition
Anterior cruciate ligament
Term
ACLS
Definition
Advanced cardiac life support
Term
ACTH
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Term
AI
Definition
Aortic insufficiency 
Term
AICD
Definition
Automated implantable cadioverter-defibrillator
Term
ALS
Definition
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Term
ALT
Definition
Alanine transferase 
Term
AMI
Definition
Acute Myocardial infarction
Term
aPTT
Definition
Acute Partial Thromboplastin time
Term
AR
Definition
Aortic Regurgitation 
Term
AS
Definition
Aortic stenosis
Term
ASD
Definition
Aterial Septal Defect
Term
AST
Definition
Aspartate transaminase
Term
AVR
Definition
Aortic vavle replacement 
Term
b.i.d
Definition
Twice daily 
Term
BE
Definition
Base excess 
Term
BKA
Definition
Below knee amputation
Term
BLS
Definition
Basic Life support
Term
BMI
Definition
Body Mass index
Term
BMR
Definition

Basal Metobolic rate

Term
BPM
Definition
Beats per minute
Term
BPH
Definition
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Term
BUN
Definition
BLood urea nitrogen
Term
Bx
Definition
Biopsy
Term
AP
Definition
Anteroposterior
Term
LLQ
Definition
Lower left quadrant
Term
LUQ
Definition
Lower upper quadrant
Term
RLQ
Definition
Right lower quadrant
Term
RUQ
Definition
Right upper quadrant
Term
CT
Definition
Computed Tomography
Term
CXR
Definition
Chest x-ray
Term
MRI
Definition
Magnetic resonance Imaging
Term
PET
Definition
Positron Emission Tomogrophy 
Term
US
Definition
Ultra sound/Ultra sonagraphy
Term
AIDS
Definition
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Term
HIV
Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus
Term
I&D
Definition
Incision and drainage
Term
PE
Definition
Physical examination
Term
ARDS
Definition
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Term
AV
Definition
Assisted ventilation
Term
COPD
Definition
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
Term
CPAP
Definition
Continuos postive airway pressure
Term
CPR 
Definition
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Term
DOE
Definition
Dysapnea on exertion
Term
EtCO2
Definition
End title carbon dioxide
Term
FiO2
Definition
Fraction Inspired Oxygen 
Term
LL
Definition
Lower Lobe (designate R or L)
Term
OSA
Definition
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Term
PEEP
Definition
Positive and Expiratory pressure
Term
PFT
Definition
Pulmonary Function test
Term
FVC
Definition
Forced vital capacity 
Term
VC
Definition
Vital Capacity 
Term
FRC
Definition
Funtional Residual capacity
Term
FEV1
Definition
Forced expiratory volume 1
Term
PIP
Definition
Peak inspiratory pressure
Term
RR
Definition
Respiratory Rate
Term
RV
Definition
Residual Volume
Term
SOB
Definition
Shortness of Breath
Term
SV
Definition
Spontaneous Ventilation
Term
SIMV
Definition
Synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation
Term
T&A
Definition
Tonsillectomy and Adnoidectomy 
Term
TB
Definition
Tuberculosis
Term
TV
Definition
Tidal Volume
Term
UL
Definition
Upper lobe (Designate L or R)
Term
URI
Definition
Upper respiratory infection
Term
ACLS
Definition
Advanced cardiac life saving
Term
AF
Definition
Atrial flutter
Term
Afib
Definition
Atrial Fibrallation 
Term
AICD
Definition
Term
AVR
Definition
Aortic valve repair
Term
BBB
Definition
Bundle branch block 
Term
BP
Definition
 Blood pressure
Term
CABG
Definition
Coronary artery bypass graft
Term
CAD
Definition
Coronary artery disease
Term
CHF
Definition
Congestive heart failure
Term
CO
Definition
Cardiac Output
Term
CP
Definition
Chest pain
Term
CPB
Definition
Cardio pulmonary bypass
Term
CVP
Definition
Central Venous Pressure
Term
DNR
Definition
Do not resuscitate
Term
DVT
Definition
Deep vein thrombosis
Term
ECG/EKG
Definition
Electrocardiogram
Term
EF
Definition
Ejection Fraction
Term
FHR
Definition
Fetal heart rate
Term
HTN
Definition
Hypertension
Term
HR
Definition
Heart rate
Term
IVC
Definition
Inferior vena cava
Term
LA
Definition
Left atrium
Term
LAD
Definition
Left anterior descending coronary artery 
Term
LV
Definition
Left Ventricle
Term
LVEDP
Definition
Left ventricular end diastolic pressure
Term
LVEF
Definition
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Term
MI
Definition
Myocardial Infarction
Term
MR
Definition
Mitral regurgitation
Term
MVP
Definition
Mitral valve prolapse
Term
NSR
Definition
Normal sinus rhythm
Term
PA
Definition
Pulmonary artery
Term
PAWP
Definition
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
Term
PDA
Definition
Patent ductus arterious
Term
PE
Definition
Pulmonary embolism
Term
PVD
Definition
Peripheral vascular disease 
Term
RA
Definition
Right atrium 
Term
RCA
Definition
Right coronary artery 
Term
WPW
Definition
Wolf parkinson white syndrome
Term
RRR
Definition
Regular rate and rhythm
Term
RV
Definition
Right ventricle
Term
SA
Definition
Sinoatrial
Term
SSS 
Definition
Sick sinus syndrome
Term
SV
Definition
 Stroke volume
Term
SVC
Definition
Superior vena cava
Term
SVR
Definition
Systemic vascular resistance 
Term
SVT
Definition
Supraventricular tachycardia
Term
TEE
Definition
Transesphogeal echocardiogram
Term
VH
Definition
Ventricular hypertrophy
Term
VSD
Definition
Ventral Septal Defect
Term
VT
Definition
Ventricular Tachycardia
Term
BMI
Definition
Body Mass index
Term
Cm
Definition
Centimeter
Term
EGD
Definition
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Term
ERCP
Definition
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Term
EtOh
Definition
Alcohol
Term
GERD
Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Term
GI
Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
HH 
Definition
Hiatal Hernia
Term
IHR
Definition
Inguinal hernia repair
Term
N/V
Definition
Nausea and Vomiting
Term
Kg
Definition
Kilogram
Term
LCC
Definition
Laproscopic Cholecystectomy
Term
LFT
Definition
Liver function tests
Term
PUD
Definition
Peptic ulcer disease
Term
ACE
Definition
Angiotensin Converting enzyme
Term
CRF
Definition
Chronic renal failure
Term
Cysto
Definition
Cystoscopic examination
Term
ESRD
Definition
End stage renal disease
Term
ESWL
Definition
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
Term
GU
Definition
Genitourinary
Term
KUB
Definition
Kidney Ureter bladder
Term
TURBT
Definition
Transuretheral Resection of bladder tumor
Term
TURP
Definition
Transuretheral resection of the prostate
Term
UTI
Definition
Urinary tract infection
Term
CS or C-section
Definition
Cesarean section
Term
D & C
Definition
Dilation and curettage
Term
GYN
Definition
Gynecology
Term
G
Definition
Gravida (pregnant) 
Term
IVF
Definition
Invitro fertilization
Term
LMP
Definition
Last menstral Period
Term
Para 1,2,3
Definition
Number of live births
Term
PIH
Definition
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Term
AROM 
Definition
Artificial rupture of membranes
Term
PROM
Definition
premature rupture of membrane
Term
SROM
Definition
Premature rupture of membrane
Term
SOO
Definition
Salphingo-oopherectomy
Term
SVD
Definition
Spontaneous vaginal delivery
Term
TAH
Definition
Total abdominal hysterectomy
Term
TL
Definition
Tubal ligation
Term
BTL
Definition
Bilateral Tubal ligation
Term
PPTL 
Definition
Post partum tubal ligation
Term
TLH
Definition
Total laproscopic hysterectomy
Term
TVH
Definition
Total vaginal hysterectomy
Term
TVH
Definition
Total vaginal hysterectomy
Term
V-BAC
Definition
Vaginal birth after C-section
Term
ADH
Definition
Anti-diuretic hormone
Term
BS
Definition
Blood sugar
Term
DM
Definition
Diabetes millitus
Term
IDDM
Definition
Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus
Term
NIDDM
Definition
Non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus
Term
TSH
Definition
Thyroid stimulating hormone 
Term
CNS
Definition
Central nervous system
Term
CSF
Definition
Cerebospinal fluid
Term
CVA 
Definition
Cerebrovascular accident 
Term
GCS
Definition
Glasgow coma scale
Term
H/A
Definition
Head ache
Term
ICP
Definition
Intracranial pressure
Term
EEG
Definition
Electroencephalogram
Term
EMG
Definition
Electromyogram
Term
SSEP
Definition
Somatosory source evoked potential
Term
TIA
Definition
Transient ischemic attack 
Term
ACD
Definition
Anterior cervical discectomy
Term
ACDF
Definition
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Term
AKA
Definition
Above the knee amputation
Term
BKA
Definition
Below the knee amputation
Term
CTR
Definition
Carpal tunnel release
Term
CTS 
Definition
Carpel tunnel syndrome
Term
DJD
Definition
Degenerative joint disease
Term
Fx
Definition
Fracture
Term
L1, L2, to L5
Definition
referring to lumbar vertebra
Term
Ortho
Definition
Orthopedics
Term
OA
Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
ORIF
Definition
open reduction internal fixation
Term
RA 
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritits 
Term
ROM
Definition
Range of motion
Term
S1, S2, to S5
Definition
Sacral vertebra
Term
TKR
Definition
Total knee replacement
Term
IOL
Definition
Intraocular lense
Term
IOP
Definition
Intraocular pressure
Term
OD
Definition
Right eye
Term
OS
Definition
Left eye
Term
OU
Definition
Both eyes
Term
AD
Definition
Right ear
Term
AS 
Definition
left ear
Term
AU
Definition
Both ears
Term
BMT
Definition
Bilateral myringotomy tubes
Term
ENT
Definition
ear nose and throat
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical procedure
Term
-ectomy
Definition
removal
Term
-lysis
Definition
destruction/loosening
Term
-pexy
Definition
fixation (of an organ) 
Term
-plasty
Definition
Surgical repair
Term
-rrhapy
Definition
suture
Term
-scope
Definition
-instrument for examing
Term
-scopy
Definition
visual examination
Term
-scopy
Definition
visual examination
Term
-stomy
Definition
forming an opening (mouth)
Term
-tome
Definition
instrument to cut
Term
-tomy
Definition
incision
Term
-tripsy
Definition
crushing
Term
CBC
Definition
Complete blood count
Term
WBC
Definition
White blood cells
Term
RBC
Definition
Red blood cells
Term
HgB/Hb
Definition
Hemaglobin
Term
Hct
Definition
Hematocrit
Term
Plt
Definition
Platelet count
Term
DIC
Definition
Dissemenated intravascular coagulopathy
Term
PT
Definition
Prothrombin time
Term
PTT
Definition
Partial thromboplastin time
Term
INR
Definition
International normalized ratio
Term
PRBC's
Definition
packed red blood cells
Term
PRBC's
Definition
Packed Red blood cells
Term
FFP
Definition
Fresh frozen plasma
Term
K+
Definition
Potassium
Term
NA
Definition
Sodium 
Term
Ca+
Definition
Calcium
Term
BUN
Definition
Blood urea nitrogen
Term
Cl-
Definition
Chloride
Term
Cr
Definition
Creatinine 
Term
GLU
Definition
Glucose
Term
Mg
Definition
Magnesium
Term
ABG 
Definition
Arterial blood gas 
Term
PaCO2
Definition
Arterial carbon dioxide 
Term
PaO2
Definition
Arterial oxygen concentration
Term
SaO2
Definition
arterial blood saturation 
Term
BE
Definition
Base excess
Term
BD
Definition
Base deficit
Term
AG
Definition
Anion Gap 
Term
A-line
Definition
Arterial line
Term
ABP
Definition
Arterial blood pressure
Term
ETT
Definition
Endotracheal tube
Term
GA 
Definition
General anesthesia
Term
IV
Definition
Intravenous
Term
IM
Definition
Intramuscular
Term
LR or RL
Definition
Lactated ringers
Term
MAC
Definition
Monitered anesthesia care and mean alveolar concentration
Term
MH
Definition
Malignant hyperthermia
Term
NAW 
Definition
Nasal air way
Term
NDMR
Definition
non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
Term
NETT 
Definition
Nasal endotracheal tube
Term
NIBP
Definition
Non-invasive blood pressure
Term
NS
Definition
Normal Saline
Term
OAW
Definition
Oral air way
Term
OR 
Definition
Operating room
Term
PACU
Definition
Post anesthesia care unit
Term
PONV
Definition
Post-operative nausea and vomitting
Term
PPP
Definition
Pressure points padded 
Term
PreO2
Definition
Pre-oxygenation
Term
SQ or SubQ
Definition
Subcutaneous
Term
TOF
Definition
Train of Four
Term
BM
Definition
Black male
Term
BF 
Definition
Black female
Term
c (with a line over it) 
Definition
with
Term
c/o
Definition
Complains of
Term
ER
Definition
Term
FHx
Definition
Family history
Term
Hx
Definition
History 
Term
H&P
Definition
History and Physical
Term
GSW
Definition
Gun Shot wound
Term
ICU
Definition
Intensive care unit
Term
KVO
Definition
Keep vein open
Term
MRSA
Definition
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Term
MVA or C
Definition
Motor vehicle accident or Collision
Term
p (with a bar over it)
Definition
after
Term
PMH
Definition
Previous medical history
Term
pt.
Definition
Patient
Term
PSH
Definition
Past surgical history
Term
PSR
Definition
Per Surgeon request
Term
R/O
Definition
Rule out 
Term
s (with a bar over it)
Definition
Without
Term
SP
Definition
Status post
Term
Sx
Definition
Surgicery /symptoms
Term
WM
Definition
White male
Term
WF
Definition
White female
Term
WNL
Definition
Within normal limits
Term
Abx
Definition
Anti-biotics
Term
Ach
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
b.i.d
Definition
Twice daily
Term
cc
Definition
Cubic centimeter
Term
gtt
Definition
Drop
Term
HCTZ
Definition
Hydrochlorothiazide
Term
MAO-I
Definition
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Term
mcg
Definition
microgram
Term
mg
Definition
miligram
Term
mL
Definition
Mililiter
Term
NKA
Definition
No known allergies
Term
NKDA
Definition
No known drug allergies
Term
NSAID
Definition
Non-steroidal anti-infalmmatory drug
Term
NTG
Definition
Nitroglycerin
Term
PCN
Definition
Penicillin
Term
p.o
Definition
by mouth
Term
prn
Definition
as necessary
Term
q
Definition
Each, every
Term
q.d
Definition
every day
Term
q.d.s 
Definition
Fourt times each day
Term
q.h
Definition
every hour
Term
q.i.d
Definition
Four times each day 
Term
q.o.d
Definition
every other day
Term
Rx
Definition
Medical prescription; Perscription drug
Term
SL 
Definition
Sublingual- under tongue
Term
Stat.
Definition
Immediately with no delay 
Term
t.i.d
Definition
three times a day
Term
what do adrenergic or sympathomimetic drugs do?
Definition
mimic the sympathetic nervous system
Term
what does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Definition
it is involved in homeostatic regulation of heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, vasomotor tone, BP, bronchial airway tone, and carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism
Term
what are the 3 NTs in the sympathetic nervous system? how do they compare in terms of structure?
Definition
dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. they are all catecholamines (6C ring w/hydroxyls on Cs 3 & 4) with differences on the beta carbon and amine group
Term
what is the structure of dopamine?
Definition
the beta carbon has no OH, and the functional group is just an amine
Term
what is the structure of norepinephrine?
Definition
OH on the beta carbon, and the functional group is just an amine
Term
what is the structure of epinephrine?
Definition
OH on the beta carbon, and the functional group is a methylated amine
Term
what is possible due to the subtle differences between the catecholamines?
Definition
they each work primarily in certain areas, but can also function as one of the others
Term
what is the synthesis pathway for dopamine?
Definition
tyrosine ->(tyrosine hydroxylase)->DOPA->(DOPA decarboxylase)->dopamine->(DA-B-hydroxylase)->norepinephrine->(phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase)-> epinephrine
Term
what is different about storage sacs in dopaminergic cells vs non-dopaminergic cells in the adrenergic system
Definition
in non-dopaminergic cells, DA-B-hydroxylase is in the membrane to convert it to norepinephrine, while in dopaminergic cells, that enzyme is not present so in uptake, the molecule remains dopamine (DA)
Term
how is epinephrine produced?
Definition
in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands, which have phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase which convert norepi to epi
Term
what are the 3 main pathways for NT response termination?
Definition
metabolism, uptake, and dilution
Term
what are the 2 enzymes that carry out metabolic NT termination for all 3 catecholamines?
Definition
monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Term
where is monoamine oxidase found? what does it do?
Definition
in the mitochondria of nerve terminals it oxidatively deaminates the alpha carbon. (MAO: Mitochondria, Alpha carbon)
Term
where is catechol O-methyltransferase found? what does it do?
Definition
in the cytoplasm, esp in the liever, and there are moderate amounts in the adrenergic synapse itself. it transfers a methyl group to the 3 position of the catechol, inactivating it. (COMT: Cytoplasm, Oxygen)
Term
can both metabolic enzymes work on the same catecholeamine?
Definition
yes
Term
what does the uptake1/reuptake system do?
Definition
this is an active transport system that takes up various amines (not just catecholamines), removing them from the synapse, and into the cytoplasm - where MAO deaminates them or they are repackaged into vesicles for further use.
Term
what is the process of dilution?
Definition
diffusion out of the synapse, drifting away to lower concentrations. once this occurs, uptake can happen at extraneuronal sites such as the glial (astroglia) cells in the CNS.
Term
what is the most important method for terminating norepinephrine?
Definition
the uptake1 pump, which reuptakes 80% of the released NT and repackages it back into the vesicles
Term
what usually happens to the 20% norepinephrine that is not reuptaken by uptake1?
Definition
that 20% is usually metabolized by MAO in the nerve terminal, diffused away or metabolized by COMT and taken up by non-neuronal cells
Term
what can norepinephrine do once release from into the synaptic cleft?
Definition
once released, norepinephrine can bind to pre/postsynaptic receptors, it can be taken up by the post synaptic uptake system or the pre synaptic uptake system (if this happens – some of it metabolizes by MAO, but majority comes right back in to synaptic vesicle), and if it is taken up by extra neuronal uptake pumps it will be acted on by COMT
Term
where are the alpha1 adrenergic receptors?
Definition
postsynaptic (on target tissue)
Term
where are the alpha2 adrenergic receptors?
Definition
presynaptic
Term
where are the beta1 adrenergic receptors?
Definition
the heart
Term
where are the beta2 adrenergic receptors?
Definition
blood vessels
Term
what 4 things happen when the alpha1 receptor (postsynaptic) is activated by NE?
Definition
1) vasoconstriction of all blood vessels, leading to an increase in TPR, which will increase BP (allows for higher level of activity in more extreme body positions) and mucosal decongestion (allows greater flow of O2). 2) radial muscles of the eye conract:mydriasis/dilation -which allows more light into the eyes, improving vision. 3) pilomotor muscles of the skin will contract - hair sticks up (evolutionary advantage in hair standing up scaring off predators). 4) hyperglycemia: want to develop high blood sugar level for higher level of muscle activity
Term
what 2 things happen when the alpha2 receptor (presynaptic) is activated by NE?
Definition
at the synapse, the release of NE is reduced and in the CNS sympathetic outflow is reduced
Term
what 3 things happen when the beta1 receptor (heart) is activated by NE? can dopamine also accomplish the same effect?
Definition
HR is increased, force of contraction is increased, and velocity of contraction is increased, (to increase CO for increased muscle use). dopamine as well as NE can also accomplish this same effect in the heart.
Term
what 4 things happen when the beta2 receptor (blood vessels) is activated by NE?
Definition
1) vasodilation in the skeletal muscle, pulm, and coronary vessels (NOT smooth like GI, this allows better nutrient transfer to muscles of mobility). 2) bronchodilation (higher O2 availability). 3) uterine relaxation (prevents labor under stress, but can be overridden). 4) hyperglycemia, lactic acidemia, and lipolysis
Term
why do drugs designed to affect specific receptors such as alpha1 or beta2 still have varying effects?
Definition
there are different subtypes of each receptor which different drugs designed for that same receptor have a varying affinity for.
Term
where are beta 3 receptors?
Definition
in the adipose tissue
Term
out of the catecholamines, what is the order of agonist potency for alpha receptors?
Definition
epi -> norepi -> dopamine -> isoproterenol
Term
what is the order of agonist potency for beta 1 receptors?
Definition
isop > EPI = NE
Term
what is the order of agonist potency for beta 2 receptors?
Definition
ISOP > EPI > NE > DA
Term
what 2 things will affect alpha receptors and cause contraction?
Definition
NR or high dose EPI (like in local anesthetics, makes them last longer b/c they won't be carried away)
Term
what 2 things will affect beta receptors and cause dilation?
Definition
ISOP and low dose EPI (like in asthma inhalers)
Term
what is the mechanism for drugs acting at alpha receptors?
Definition
the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (IP turnover)
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