Term
| Which of the following statements describes the definition of positive punishment? |
|
Definition
| The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements describes the definition of negative punishment? |
|
Definition
| The removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior |
|
|
Term
| Which statement best describes recovery from punishment? |
|
Definition
| After punishment is discontinued, sometimes the behavior that experienced the punishment contingency will recover. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a factor that influences the effectiveness of punishment listed in the chapter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The use of a punishment procedure may cause unwanted side effects to appear. The chapter presents several side effects associated with the use of punishment. Which of the following is not a side effect listed in the chapter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Little Peter was walking along the fence of his uncle's dairy farm. Peter reached up and grabbed the wire along the fence, not realizing it was electrified. After recovering from the pain caused by the shock, Peter never again touched the fence wires. Which statement best describes the shock stimulus felt by Peter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement best describes positive punishment? |
|
Definition
| The delivery of a stimulus, following a behavior, which decreases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again |
|
|
Term
| Which statement best describes the procedure of response blocking? |
|
Definition
| Physically intervening as soon as the student begins to emit a problem behavior to prevent the completion of the response |
|
|
Term
| Punishment should be thought of as an "eye-for-an-eye" procedure. T or F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement is not recommended as a guideline for the use of punishment? |
|
Definition
| Test punisher on your pet prior to implementing it with your student |
|
|
Term
| Carr and Lovaas (1983) recommended that practitioners experience any punisher personally before the treatment begins for what reason? |
|
Definition
| It reminds the practitioner that the technique produces physical discomfort. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not listed in the chapter as an ethical consideration regarding the use of punishment? |
|
Definition
| Most restrictive alternative |
|
|
Term
| Sean was responsible for designing an intervention for a fifth grade student who engaged in severe problem behavior consisting of throwing chairs at the teacher when an assignment was given. Sean decided to utilize a contingent physical restraint every time the child threw a chair. Sean is violating the ethical consideration of: |
|
Definition
| Least restrictive alternative |
|
|
Term
| Which statement regarding the strength of applied behavior analysis is not supported in the punishment chapter? |
|
Definition
| Increase the use of punishment procedures over the use of reinforcement-based interventions. |
|
|
Term
| Many of the recommendations for punishment are derived from basic research conducted more than _____ years ago. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ alters the effectiveness of some object or event as a reinforcer and the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term _________ has been suggested to replace the term establishing operation (EO). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The effect that can produce either an increase or decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The effect that can produce either an increase or decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motivating operations (MOs) and SDs are both |
|
Definition
| Antecedent variables that alter the current frequency of some behavior |
|
|
Term
| _________ control(s) a type of behavior because it has been related to the differential availability or an effective reinforcer for that type of behavior. |
|
Definition
| Discriminative stimulus (SD) |
|
|
Term
| _________ is (are) related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of a particular type of environmental event. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of motivating operation has value-altering effects that are not learned. |
|
Definition
| Unconditioned motivating operations |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an example of a UMO as it relates to humans? |
|
Definition
| Sleeping after a week of not getting any sleep |
|
|
Term
| The type of motivating operation that accomplishes what the original motivating operation it was paired with did is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of motivating operation alters a relation to itself by acquiring MO effectiveness by preceding a worsening or improvement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of motivating operation makes something else effective as a reinforcer because of its relation or association with an unconditioned reinforcer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of motivating operation has particular implications for the training of language in individuals with little or no speech. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The continued study of motivating operations is most important to understanding in what field of applied behavior analysis? |
|
Definition
| The three-term contingency |
|
|
Term
| When a group of stimuli all evoke the same response (for example, when one sees a picture of a Border collie, a Doberman pinscher, and a Labrador retriever, one says "that's a dog"), the group of stimuli is referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an example of an arbitrary stimulus class? |
|
Definition
| The following women's restroom signs: the word woman, a pictogram of a woman, and a painting of a mermaid |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following illustrates an example of stimulus control? |
|
Definition
| Joe hits his teacher every time and only when she asks him to wash his hands. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
The first two statements are true.
When a dog has been trained to salivate when a bell rings by repeatedly pairing meat powder and a bell, this is an example of stimulus control.
When an individual has been trained to say the word "red" when he is shown a card that says RED (but not when he has been shown a card that says GREEN), this is an example of stimulus control. |
|
|
Term
| A teacher makes a request of a student. The student emits aggressive behavior immediately following the request. The teacher removes the request in order to avoid getting hit. The teacher's request: |
|
Definition
| Is a motivating operation for the problem behavior |
|
|
Term
| Motivating operations and discriminative stimuli: |
|
Definition
| Have similar evocative effects on behavior |
|
|
Term
| Amanda, a typically developing two-year-old girl, has a father who is in the Marines. The last time her father was home, he was in uniform. Now, every time she sees a man in uniform, she says, "Daddy!" This is an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulus generalization is more likely to occur: |
|
Definition
| When stimuli share more similar properties than when stimuli are very different from one another. |
|
|
Term
| Stimulus discrimination is acquired by: |
|
Definition
| Reinforcing responses in the presence of the discriminative stimulus and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the stimulus deltas. |
|
|
Term
| Stimulus discrimination involves the behavioral principles of: |
|
Definition
| Reinforcement and extinction |
|
|
Term
| In order to form the concept of "vehicles," an individual must be able to: |
|
Definition
| Discriminate vehicles from nonvehicles and generalize across all motorized methods of transporting people |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a concept that can be taught using stimulus discrimination and generalization procedures? |
|
Definition
| All of these: Fruit, Under, & Integrity |
|
|
Term
| The difference between a response prompt and a stimulus prompt is: |
|
Definition
| A response prompt operates directly on the response, while a stimulus prompt operates on the antecedent task stimuli. |
|
|
Term
| Rahul keeps forgetting to push the Total button on the cash register at his place of employment. His job coach wants to insert a prompt to help him remember to total customers' orders. She wants to use a stimulus prompt. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus prompt? |
|
Definition
| The job coach places a bright pink sticker on the total button. |
|
|
Term
| Stimulus and response prompt fading is used to: |
|
Definition
| Transfer stimulus control from the prompt to the natural antecedent cue. |
|
|
Term
| Most-to-least prompt fading involves: |
|
Definition
| Gradually changing the form or intensity of the prompt from most intense to least intense. |
|
|
Term
| Transitivity is demonstrated when: |
|
Definition
| An untrained stimulus-stimulus relation emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides a methodology for efficient teaching-expanding learners' skills far beyond what is directly taught. |
|
|
Term
| A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result, occurrences of that behavior decrease in the future is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the probability of reinforcement when utilizing an extinction procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form of extinction is used when the reinforcer (or reinforcers) maintaining a behavior is withheld? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common misuses of the term extinction? |
|
Definition
All of these:
Confusing forgetting and extinction
Confusing response blocking and sensory extinction
Confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction |
|
|
Term
| Delivering a stimulus with known reinforcing properties to an individual on a fixed time or variable time schedule independently of responding is known as which procedure? |
|
Definition
| Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main effect of an extinction procedure? |
|
Definition
| Behavior decreases and/or stops entirely |
|
|
Term
| An immediate increase in frequency and/or amplitude of the response after the removal of the maintaining reinforcer is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reappearance of a behavior after it has diminished to its pre-reinforced level and/or stopped entirely is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continued responding during the extinction process is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Resistance to extinction is greater when carried out under: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What suggestions did the authors give for assuring the effectiveness of extinction?' |
|
Definition
All of these:
Increasing the number of extinction trials
Withholding all reinforcers maintaining the problem behavior
Withholding reinforcement consistently
Using instruction |
|
|
Term
| When is it not appropriate to utilize an extinction procedure? |
|
Definition
Both of these:
When inappropriate behaviors are likely to be imitated by others
When behaviors are harmful to self or others |
|
|
