Term
| How do you calculate [H+] from pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four types of primary acid-base disturbances? |
|
Definition
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
| What is the normal physiologic range for pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal physiologic range for PaCO2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal physiologic range for [HCO3-]? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is respiratory acidosis? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is respiratory alkalosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is metabolic acidosis? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is metabolic alkalosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can cause respiratory acidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can cause respiratory alkalosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can cause metabolic acidosis? |
|
Definition
accumulation of protons
(metabolic acids like ketoacids)
or
loss of base
(bicarbonate lost in diarrhea) |
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Term
| What can cause metabolic alkalosis? |
|
Definition
loss of protons
(vomiting/stomach pump)
or
gain of base |
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Term
| What is the relationship between bicarbonate ion and pH in a respiratory acid/base disturbance? |
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Definition
| they are inversely related |
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Term
| What is the relationship between bicarbonate ion and pH in a metabolic acid/base disturbance? |
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Definition
| they are directly related |
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Term
| When using Tuller's analysis of acid-base status, what three measurements must you have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you determine the primary cause of acidosis/alkalosis when both PaCO2 and [HCO3-] are abnormal? |
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Definition
Interpretation hinges on which side of normal pH each value resides:
If pH > 7.40, alkalosis is the primary cause.
If pH < 7.40, acidosis is the primary cause. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an ↓ pH & ↓[HCO3-] ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an ↑ pH & ↑ [HCO3-] ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Davenport plots graph? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the "isobars" on Davenport plots represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the (sort of) horizontal line on the Davenport plot? |
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Definition
| respiratory line / titration curve of Hb |
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Term
| What happens to the slope of the respiratory line if you increase hematocrit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the slope of the respiratory line in anemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is "base excess" determined on a Davenport plot? |
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Definition
| any point above the respiratory line |
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Term
| How is "base deficit" determined on a Davenport plot? |
|
Definition
| any point below the respiratory line |
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Term
| What happens in contraction alkalosis? |
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Definition
| the loss of isotonic fluids from the body concentrates plasma bicarbonate and tips the patient into metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
| What happens in chloride depletion? |
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Definition
| the loss of chloride anions stimulates excessive proton secretion, leaving behind bicarbonate ions and inducing metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
| What happens in aldosterone excess? |
|
Definition
- Sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion are both accelerated.
- As the cells becomes depleted of K+, protons rush in
- High conc of protons in the cell cause them to be secreted
- This causes an acidification of the urine and alkalization of the plasma
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Term
| What are the fast and slow responses to excessive use of potassium-wasting diuretics? |
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Definition
fast = K+ depletion, secretion of H+
slow = extracellular volume contraction, ↑ renin, ↑ AT-II, ↑ aldosterone, ↑ secretion of H+
**both lead to reabsorption of [HCO3-] and generate metabolic alkalosis |
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