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Definition
| heterotrophic animal that eats plants |
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| animal that eats other animals |
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| heterotrophic animal that consumes both meat and plant material |
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| aquatic animal that sifts small food particles from the water |
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| organism that lives in or on its food source, eating its way through the food |
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| animal that lives by sucking nutrient-rich fluids from another living organism |
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| animal that eats relastively large pieces of food |
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| diet that is chronically deficient in calories |
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| diet that is chronically excessive in calories |
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| substance that an organism must absorb in preassembled form because it cannot be synthesized from any other material (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids) |
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| referring to an animal whose diet is missing one or more essential nutrients |
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| amino acid that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food (8 for humans) |
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| a chemical element other than hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen that an organism requires for proper body fucntioning |
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| certain unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot make |
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Definition
| organic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts; function: coenzymes |
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| heterotrophic mode of nutrition in which other organisms or detritus are eaten whole or in pieces |
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Definition
| process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb |
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Definition
| process in digestion that splits macromolecules from food by the enzymatic addition of water |
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Definition
| uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body; third main stage of food processing |
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Definition
| passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment |
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Definition
| joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell |
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Definition
| breakdown of food outside cells |
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Definition
| extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body |
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| complete digestive tract (alimentary canal) |
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Definition
| digestive tube that runs between a mouth and an anus (incomplete = one opening) |
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Definition
| rhythmic waves of contraction of smooth muscle that push food along the digestive tract |
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| ring-like valve consisting of modified muscles in a muscular tube that closes off the tube like a draw string |
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Definition
| in the oral cavity; secretions of salivary glands contain substancs to lubricate food, adhere together chewed pieces into a bolus, and begin the process of chemical digestion |
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Definition
| secretes digestive enzymes and alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct |
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| largest organ; produces bile, prepare nitrogenous wastes for removal, detoxifies the blood |
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| organ that stores bile and releases it as needed into the small intestine |
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| cartilaginous flap that blocks the top o fthe windpipe, the glottis, during swallowing , which prevents the entry of food or fluid in to respiratory system |
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| area in the vertebrate throat where air and food passages cross |
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| lubricated ball of chewed food |
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Definition
| channel that conducts food, by peristalsis, from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Definition
| salivary gland enzyme that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen |
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Definition
| organ of the digestive system that stores food and performs preliminary steps of digestion |
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Definition
| digestive fluid secrete by the stomach |
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Definition
| enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins |
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Definition
| inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (chief) cells located in the gastric pits of the stomach |
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| mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juice |
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Definition
| a muscular ring that regulates the passage of food out of the stomach into the small intestine |
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| longest section of the alimentary canal; the principal site of the enzymatic hydrolysis of food and the absorption of nutrients |
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| first section of the small intestine, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, live, gallbladder, and gland cells |
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| mixture of substances that is produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and acts as a detergent to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats |
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| fingerlike projections of the inner surface of the small intestine |
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| many fine, fingerlike projections of the epithelial cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increase in surface area |
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| tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons |
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| small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol coated with special proteins |
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| large circulatory channel that conveys nutrient-laden blood from the small intestine to the liver, which regulates the blood's nutrient content |
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| small, finger-like extension of the vertebrate cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity |
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| blind outpocket of a hollow organ such as an intestine |
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| wastes of the digestive tract |
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| terminal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored until they are eliminated |
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| animal with an elaborate, multi-compartmentalized stomach specialized for an herbivorous diet |
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