Term
|
Definition
| regulation of solute and water balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total solute concetration (mosm/L) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution have same osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution having greater osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution having lower osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal does not actively adjust its internal osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a solvent (as water) through a semipermeable membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animal that must adjust its internal osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a semipermeable membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that can survive large fluctuation of external osmolarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer (or layers) of specialized epithelial cells that regulates solute movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (elimination) of waste products of metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excreted by most aquatic animals; must be diluted because it is very toxic; low energy excretion; unsuitable for terrestrial life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most prevalent; excreted by mammals, adult amphibians, and marine fishes and turtles; much less toxic; conserve water; metabolically expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ENERGY EXPENSIVE; associated with animals that lay hard shells; minimal water loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood is filtered by transport epithelia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aqueous solution in excretory system (the sample) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective transport of water and valuable solutes back into blood; majority of solutes will do this; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| additional solutes (and toxins) are removed from blood and added to filtrate; active process; highly selective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elimination of urine; leftover filtrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretory system found in flatworms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hollow cell in the excretory system of certain invertebrates, including flatworms and rotifers, containing a tuft of rapidly beating cilia that serve to propel waste products into excretory tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretory system found in annelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretory system of arthropods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional unit of vertebrate kidney (~1million per kidney); tubular component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ball of capillaries in nephron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cup-shaped receptacle surrounding glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functioning as a filter in the nephron (nonselective) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initial tube; convoluted and twisted; near to beginning of nepron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desceding limb + thin ascending + thick ascending limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| far tube from beginning of nephron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the final filtrate is dumped for elimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (80% in humans) short loops of Henle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (20% in humans) long loops of Henle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| majory artery that feeds each kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surround proximal and distal tubules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallel to loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major vein out of kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer potion of the vertebrate kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inter potion of the vertebrate kidney, beneath the renal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name of the opening of the tubules in flat worms that eliminate unwanted materials |
|
|
Term
| countercurrent multiplication |
|
Definition
| longer loops of Henle = more concentrated urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water channels required for water to pass through plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| antiduretic hormone (ADH) |
|
Definition
| vasopressin; increases water permeability when elevated; triggered by blood osmolarity; more water is retained |
|
|
Term
| renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) |
|
Definition
| triggered by drop in blood pressure, blood volume, or NaCl concentration; angiotensinogen->angiotensin II (by renin)->constriction of arterioles, increase NaCl reabsorption, aldosterone release->increase NaCl reapsorption |
|
|
Term
| atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
|
Definition
| (antagonistic to RAAS), triggered by rise in blood pressure or blood volume; excretes more water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive enzyme that is catalyzed in the RAAS system that is transformed in to angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the catalyst that turns angiotensinogen into angiotensin II; secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases blood pressure and blood volume by constricting arterioles, increasing NaCl absorption (therefore H2O too), and stimulating release of aldosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases Na+ (and thus water) reabsorption of distal tubules |
|
|
