Term
| Acute Abdominal Pain finding that are all medical emergencies |
|
Definition
Hypotension or shock
Pulsating abdominal mass
Boardlike abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Right upper quadrant pain |
|
Definition
Cholycystitis
Hepatitis
Liver abscess or tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Pancreatitis
Aortic aneurysm
Myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Splenic infarct
Rupture spleen
Pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Retrocecal appendicitis
Retroperitoneal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aortic aneurysm
Appendicitis
Diverticultis
Disease of female reproductive organs
Perforation of the bowel |
|
|
Term
| Crampy variably located pain |
|
Definition
Gastroenteritis
Intestinal obstruction
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ischemic colitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peritonitis
Nonsurgical causes of
abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE INTESTINAL DISORDERS: All medical emergencies that must be taken to ER |
|
Definition
| APPENDICITIS, INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER, PERFORATION OF THE BOWEL, DIVERTICULITIS, INTESTINAL STRANGULATION, GASTROENTERITIS, IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complains of intermittent colicky abdominal pain of sudden onset that rises to a peak and then subsides |
|
|
Term
| INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION findings |
|
Definition
Vomiting
Distended and tender abdomen
Altered bowel habits
Peristaltic rushes with high-pitched tinkling may be heard.
Dilated loops of bowel with air-fluid levels on abdominal x-ray |
|
|
Term
| Management of ACUTE INTESTINAL DISORDERS: |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room .
The patient need hospitalization for evaluation and possible surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes sudden severe upper abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| Other findings with PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER |
|
Definition
After perforation the pain subsides but reappears later with progressive worsening.
Shoulder pain occur due to diaphragmatic irritation.
Severe distress with shallow breathing and knees drawn up to the chest
Upper abdominal tenderness with board -like rigidity of the muscles
Percussion over the liver may reveal tympany due to escaped air
Sounds of peristalsis are reduced or absent.
X-ray with the patient upright may show air under the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Management for PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER: |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room.
Intravenous line to correct volume depletion is needed .
Immediate surgery is necessary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is accompanied by sudden or explosive onset of severe
, agonizing mid or lower abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| PERFORATION OF THE BOWEL associated with |
|
Definition
Shock.
Nausea and vomiting are common.
The abdomen is rigid and tender.
High temperature and leucocytosis.
A history of diverticulitis |
|
|
Term
| Management for PERFORATION OF THE BOWEL |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room to treat shock.
Patients are prepared for surgery within 1-2 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Associated with localized gradual left lower abdominal
pain |
|
|
Term
| DIVERTICULITIS associated wtih |
|
Definition
There may be a history of diverticulosis.
Low grade fever with slight leukocytosis.
Abdominal tenderness ,mass, and alterations in bowel function. |
|
|
Term
| Management of DIVERTICULITIS |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room for the administration of
intravenous fluids and antimicrobial drugs and further
observation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intestinal strangulation is most frequent in volvulus or femoral
hernia and occasional in inguinal hernia. |
|
|
Term
| INTESTINAL STRANGULATION Associated with: |
|
Definition
Rapid onset of pain.
Pain increases in severity and may be intermittent and colicky.
The patient may complain of an urge to defecate.
The abdomen is distended, rigid, and diffusely tender.
Exquisite tenderness is present in the region of strangulation.
Shock appears early.
Nausea and vomiting, high fever, and leucocytosis.
In volvulus abdominal x-ray may be diagnostic. |
|
|
Term
Treatment & Disposition of
INTESTINAL STRANGULATION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild to severe cramping pain that may have come on gradually or abruptly |
|
|
Term
| GASTROENTERITIS Associated with: |
|
Definition
Nausea, vomiting, retching, and diarrhea.
These symptoms usually precede the onset of pain in contrast to conditions requiring surgery in which pain is usually the first symptom.
Abdominal generalized discomfort.
Involuntary guarding, localized tenderness and peritoneal signs (cough tenderness) are positive.
Fever and leucocytosis are generally absent or mild.
The patient may be dehydrated. |
|
|
Term
| GASTROENTERITIS Management |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room. Severely ill or dehydrated patients will be hospitalized.
The hospital staff will determine in mild to moderately ill patients to send the patient home with instructions for re-hydration.
If the symptoms are persisted or worsen, patients will be kept for follow-up evaluation. |
|
|
Term
| IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE |
|
Definition
| Complains of abdominal cramps and intermittent bloody diarrhea with mucus |
|
|
Term
| IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE Associated with: |
|
Definition
History of previous episodes of colitis.
Weight loss, fever, and anemia may be present.
Cramps may come on gradually or suddenly.
The abdomen is slightly tender. |
|
|
Term
| IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE Management |
|
Definition
Refer to treat hypotension or shock: Indications for hospitalization are: uncertain diagnosis, shock, fever, toxic megacolon, anemia, or gross blood in the stool.
For the Ambulatory Patient refer the patient to an internist or gastroenterologist. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS |
|
Definition
BILIARY COLIC
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS |
|
|
Term
BILIARY COLIC &
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS will see this in stools |
|
Definition
| high content of fat in stools because fat is not being digested |
|
|
Term
BILIARY COLIC
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS
look for pain in this region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS due to |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of biliary system in liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Due to intermittent obstruction by stones usually at the cystic duct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after ingestion of food and begin as abrupt pain that subside gradually. |
|
|
Term
| BILIARY COLIC associated with |
|
Definition
During an attack there is steady upper abdominal pain that extends all the way across the abdomen but is more severe on the right.
Pain may be referred to the scapula.
History often reveals prior attacks.
Right upper quadrant tenderness and a palpable gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
| BILIARY COLIC Management: |
|
Definition
In the absence of acute cholecystitis or ascending cholangitis, no specific emergency treatment is necessary.
Refer the patient to a gastroenterologist. Patient may be considered for possible elective cholecystectomy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute right upper quadrant pain
Tenderness may be referred to the right scapula |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS associated with |
|
Definition
History of similar episodes.
Anorexia and nausea and vomiting.
Low-grade fever and leukocytosis. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS Management: |
|
Definition
Refer for hospitalization for immediate surgical consultation.
Patients with suspected cholelithiasis needs surgical consultation and may undergo elective gallbladder surgery. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS |
|
Definition
Is a surgical emergency commonly accompanied by
bacteremia and with endocarditis. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS associated with |
|
Definition
Right upper quadrant pain of variable degree that
occasionally is referred to the shoulder.
Right upper quadrant tenderness. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS Management: |
|
Definition
| Refer to the emergency room, hospitalization is advisable until the diagnosis is confirmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RENAL COLIC
PYELONEPHRITIS
RENAL INFARCT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heaviness to side of the spine, not tender unless you palpate or strike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| will see blood in urine, must know what is blocking artery (we worry about brain and heart infarctions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden, severe flank pain followed by hematuria |
|
|
Term
| RENAL COLIC associated with |
|
Definition
There may be a history of passage of stones.
Costovertebral angle tenderness on the side of the stone.
Urinalysis should be performed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refer
Large stones and a severe clinical picture require hospitalization for administration of parenteral analgesia and maintenance of hydration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency
Fever, and some-times rigors.
Dull gradual pain over the costovertebral angle
Malaise and nausea and vomiting
Many bacteria and leukocytes in urinary sediment |
|
|
Term
| PYELONEPHRITIS Management: |
|
Definition
| A patient who is severely ill (vomiting, high fever, rigors), pregnant, very young or very old, or immuno-compromised, or who has known anatomic abnormalities of the genitourinary tract requires hospitalization for intravenous hydration and parenteral antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flank pain, tenderness and hematuria |
|
|
Term
| RENAL INFARCT occurs due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RENAL INFARCT Management: |
|
Definition
| Refer: Hospitalization is advisable for definitive diagnosis, administration of appropriate analgesia, treatment of underlying disease, and rapid anticoagulation measures if indicated. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE PANCREATIC DISORDERS |
|
Definition
Abrupt onset of severe unrelenting epigastric pain
radiating to the back |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE PANCREATIC DISORDERS associated with |
|
Definition
Vomiting and retching.
In severe cases, the patient may be in shock.
Decreased or absent bowel sounds.
Tenderness localized to the epigastrium.
Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels.
Mild fever, and leucocytosis.
History of recurrent pancreatitis.
Alcohol abuse is a common predisposing factor. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE PANCREATIC DISORDERS Management: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACUTE GYNECOLOGIC DISORDERS |
|
Definition
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY WITH RUPTURE
ACUTE SALPINGITIS
RUPTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLE CYST
TORSION OF OVARIAN TUMOR
ENDOMETRIOSIS |
|
|
Term
| ECTOPIC PREGNANCY WITH RUPTURE |
|
Definition
Sudden, severe unilateral abdominal or pelvic pain
that may be referred to the shoulder. |
|
|
Term
| ECTOPIC PREGNANCY WITH RUPTURE associated symptoms |
|
Definition
Prior to rupture, pain may be vague or intermittent.
Nausea and vomiting.
Irregular menses or other symptoms of pregnancy.
Postural hypotension.
Pelvic examination often reveals a unilateral doughy mass and tenderness on movement of the cervix. |
|
|
Term
| ECTOPIC PREGNANCY WITH RUPTURE Management |
|
Definition
| Refer to emergency room. There is need for emergency surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gradual onset of pelvic and lower abdominal pain that
slowly increases in severity. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SALPINGITIS associated symptoms |
|
Definition
Headache with high fever and tachycardia.
Nausea and vomiting.
Tenderness to vaginal examination |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE SALPINGITIS Management |
|
Definition
Refer to emergency room
Most patients will be hospitalized to be treated with parenteral antibiotics, and to keep under observation to decrease the risk of subsequent infertility.
Surgery may be necessary if abdominal symptoms persist or if the patient's condition deteriorates. |
|
|
Term
| RUPTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLE CYST |
|
Definition
Sudden, moderately severe pelvic or lower abdominal
pain. |
|
|
Term
| RUPTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLE CYST associated symptoms |
|
Definition
No gastrointestinal symptoms.
Tenderness may be elicited over the affected ovary. |
|
|
Term
| RUPTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLE CYST Management |
|
Definition
Refer : The patient will be kept under observation in the
hospital until the diagnosis is confirmed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudden unilateral lower abdominal or pelvic pain
precipitated by a change in position |
|
|
Term
| TORSION OF OVARIAN TUMOR not associated with |
|
Definition
| (There are no menstrual disorders and no gastrointestinal symptoms). |
|
|
Term
| TORSION OF OVARIAN TUMOR Management |
|
Definition
Refer: The patient will be hospitalized for observation
and possible surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
History of infertility, dysmenorrhea and previous cyclic attacks of cramps and pains in the lower abdomen and possibly in the flank
Pain is worse with menses
Painful defecation and dyspareunia |
|
|
Term
| ENDOMETRIOSIS associated symptoms |
|
Definition
Onset of symptoms may be gradual or sudden if there is associated bleeding.
Aching pelvic discomfort and general tenderness on pelvic examination.
Acquired secondary dysmenorrhea should be attributed to endometriosis until proved otherwise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refer to the obstetrician or gynecologist for follow-up. If pain is severe there may be a need for hospitalization for further evaluation and possible surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs almost exclusively in patients with preexisting ascites, especially those with cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| PRIMARY PERITONITIS associated symptoms |
|
Definition
| The symptoms and signs vary, but fever and abdominal pain and tenderness are common |
|
|
Term
| PRIMARY PERITONITIS Management |
|
Definition
| Refer: All patients with suspected or confirmed acute peritonitis should be hospitalized for diagnostic evaluation and treatment. |
|
|
Term
| RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE |
|
Definition
| Back pain and abdominal pain are present, and the psoas sign is often positive. |
|
|
Term
| RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE associated symptoms |
|
Definition
| Rare condition that may occur secondary to minor trauma in individuals with defective clotting factors resulting from medication or disease. |
|
|
Term
| RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE Management |
|
Definition
There is need for intravenous crystalloid solution, followed by cross-matched whole blood as soon as available and administering platelets or clotting factors as needed.
Patients with severe hemorrhage, active bleeding, severe clotting abnormalities, or severe pain will be hospitalized. |
|
|
Term
| Sign associated with RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE |
|
Definition
|
|
