Term
| General rules for dealing with children of all ages include - |
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Definition
Appear confident
Be honest
Keep caregivers and kid together whenever possible |
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Term
| Children's Anatomical Considerations |
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Definition
Tongue size relative to other structures
Size of head likewise
Vasoconstriction in skin and +HR are kids' primary means of compensating for decreased perfusion of organs
Airway smaller diameter - more easily obstructed
Diaphragm primarily muscle of inspiration |
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Term
| Kids & Gastric distension |
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Definition
| can interfere with diaphragm / make work of breathing much more difficult |
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Term
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Definition
they have less circulating blood
exhibit signs of shock more slowly, but go into shock much more quickly, with less blood lost |
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Term
| Most common cause of dehydration in children: |
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Definition
vomiting and diarrhea
life threatening hypovolemia can occur in a matter of hours for infants |
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Term
| Febrile Seizures caused by rapid temp rise / inability to cool down, but can also indicate what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pale or blue
no RR
no responsiveness
Possible postmortem changes, including rigor mortis and dependent lividity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Apparent Life Threatening Event
basically a "SIDS attack," where an infant becomes unresponsive / cyanotic /apneic, who then resumes breathing with stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
1 . improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; includes neglect and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.
2. indicates the second acceptable use of the RAM BAR CHISEL - i.e. physical remediation of the abuser. |
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Term
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Definition
G TUBE,
feeding tube placed directly through the wall of the abdomen ; used when PTs can't swallow liquids or solids |
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Term
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Definition
reduced minute volume
either from reduced RR
or Depth of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bleeding within the head and damage to the cervical spine of an infant who has been intentionally and forcibly shaken
SEE ALSO Child Abuse,
SEE ALSO uses of the Ram Bar Chisel to remediate abuser |
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Term
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Definition
| a tube that diverts excess CSF from the brain to the abdomen, where it is reabsorbed by the body |
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Term
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Definition
| death of an infant or young child that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
tube inserted into trachea of children who cannot breath on their own;
passes through neck directly into the major airways |
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Term
| Pediatric Assessment Triangle |
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Definition
Appearance
Work of Breathing
Circulation to the Sking |
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Term
| Treat a child with ALOC who has breathing and tidal volume insufficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| Keys to successful BVM use with children |
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Definition
1 right size equipment
2 good face to mask seal
3 ventilate at appropriate rate and volume
12-20 for infant / child
Squeeze gently, stop squeezing as chest begins to rise.
use phrase "squeeze, release, release" to maintain proper rhythm |
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Term
| Conscious Child with partially obstructed airway |
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Definition
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Term
| Finger sweep the unconscious choking child only when - |
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Definition
| you open the airway and can SEE the object |
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Term
| Treat the unresponsive child with SEVER AIRWAY OBST. |
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Definition
attempt to ventilate and start CPR.
Look to the back of the throat each time you stop compressions.
Remove object if you can see it |
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Term
| Signs of Shock in Children |
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Definition
Tachy
poor Capillary Refill Time (CRT)
AMS |
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Term
| Febrile seizures occur in what age group most commonly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Assess the dehydrated child |
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Definition
urine output
level of activity
mental status
skin tone
pulse |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
those closest to the core of the body
Corotid
Femoral
Apical |
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Term
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Definition
crackling breath sound caused by the flow of air through liquid in the lungs;
sign of lower airway obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords usually caused by a virus |
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Term
| End Organ Perfusion - and how to determine it |
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Definition
the status of perfusion to the vital organs of the body
determined by assessing capillary refill time |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords, usually due to infection |
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Term
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Definition
an "uh" sound heard during EXHALATION
reflects child's attempt to keep the alveoli open with "back pressure";
sign of increased work of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
head lifts and tilts back during INSPIRATION
commonly seen in increased work of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
widening of nares during INSPIRATION
commonly seen in infants w/increased work of breathing |
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Term
| Retractions (of intercostal muscles and sternum) |
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Definition
| INSPIRATORY increase of work in breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| optimum neutral position for an uninjured child who requires airway management |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched breath sound during INSPIRATION that is a sign of upper airway obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
skin remains elevated long after pulling is released
indicates dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
period of time that allows infant or child to become familiar with you and your equipment.
Only appropriate in stable children |
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Term
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Definition
whistling breath sound caused by air flowing through narrowed passages within the bronchioles.
SIGN OF LOWER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION |
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Term
| Terms you should use to speak to elderly patients |
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Definition
Their name, usually with Mr. or Mrs. as appropriate. Watch out for Gender Illusionists here in SF.
Also, old ladies DO like to be called sweet heart, dear, and the like. The only place that has a problem with that is Berkeley. Go figure. |
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Term
| the GEMS diamond for assessing geriatric patients |
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Definition
Geriatric patients present atypically
Environment - take note of the environment you find them in
M - more medical problems and more medicines taken regularly, and medical history
Social aspects - important aspect of the elderly life = their social network |
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Term
| Leading causes of death in the elderly |
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Definition
heart disease
cancer
stroke
cardiopulminary disease
respiratory illness
diabetes
trauma |
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Term
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Definition
taking multiple medications at one time
Elderly patients usually have medication lists several pages long in their medical file |
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Term
| Vascular Access Devices (VAD) |
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Definition
allow rapid access to vascular system for patients with cancer, chronic
diseases, etc.
Commonly called CENTER LINES, PICC Lines, or implanted ports |
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Term
| Treat the patient with bleeding at the VAD site |
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Definition
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Term
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ("triple A") |
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Definition
| condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge |
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Term
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Definition
written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should they become unable to make decisions.
Also called a living will |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting in a weakened arterial wall |
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Term
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Definition
| disease: hardening / thickening / calcification of the arterial walls |
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Term
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Definition
a form of Arteriosclerosis in which cholesterol and other fatty stuff build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque
eventually leads to partial or complete blockage,
also formation of clots that can break off and embolize |
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Term
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Definition
| clouding of the lens of the eye and its surrounding transparent membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Venous access devices that access a major vein.
Usually in the chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in mental status marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention |
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Term
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Definition
| slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of clearing the blood of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| taking advantage of the elderly person, their property, or emotional state. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the stomach or intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical opening connecting an artery and vein; used for Dialysis |
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Term
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Definition
| in dialysis - artificial tube used to connect two ends of vessels; often used for vascular access for hemodialysis |
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Term
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Definition
| method of dialysis that shunts the patient's blood through a dialysis machine and then returns the clean blood to the patient |
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Term
| Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) |
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Definition
| small catheter that accesses a major vein from a smaller one, usually in the arm or leg |
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Term
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Definition
| method that uses the peritoneal membrane and abdominal capillaries to cleanse the blood of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
tube that extends from the ventricles of the brain to the chest or abdomen. Designed to drain excess CSF
also called a CSF shunt |
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Term
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Definition
| as many as 1/3 elderly patients experience heart attacks in which no chest pain is felt. |
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Term
| The most common cause of death and disability in the elderly |
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Definition
| traumatic falls, either mechanical (trip) or medical (stroke / syncope) |
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Term
| Unstable vs Stable Spinal Injuries |
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Definition
Stable - one that is not likely to lead to significant neurological damage or structural deformity
Unstable - yes, the opposite |
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Term
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Definition
hyperextension injury to the spine in which arthritis aggravates the compression of the spinal cord.
Look for weak or absent motor function which is more pronounced in upper extremities than lower. |
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Term
| Common spinal injuries in the spine of elderly patients |
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Definition
Compression - stable injury, MOST COMMON SPINAL INJURY TO ELDERLY, usually Thoracic spine
Burst - unstable, usually seen in crash or fall
Seat belt type - result of flexion, i.e. being thrown forward wearing a lap belt during an auto collision |
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Term
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Definition
| the depression of the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join; in which the femoral head fits snugly |
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Term
| MI complaints of old folks |
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Definition
CHEST PAIN MAY NOT PRESENT
tooth ache
arm pain
dyspnea (diff breathing)
back pain |
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Term
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Definition
disease state resulting from presence of micro organisms or their toxic biproducts in the blood stream.
SEE SEPSIS and SEPTIC SHOCK
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS:
hot / flushed
tachycardia
+RR
Also often chills / fever / burning urination / AMS
... so basically everything |
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