Term
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Definition
| process by which medications travel through bodily tissues until they reach the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| the intended therapeutic effect on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount given to pt based on size / age |
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Term
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Definition
the therapeutic uses for specific medication
i.e. when it is appropriate to administer a med with X properties |
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Term
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Definition
Inhalation
Intramuscular Injection
Intraosseous (into the bone)
Intravenous
Oral / Per Os
PR / per rectum
Subcutaneous / SC, beneath skin but not into muscle
Sublingual - under the tongue
Transcutaneous - through the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the properties and effects of medications |
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Term
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Definition
Nasal passage - Nasopharynx
Oral passage / mouth - oropharynx
Pharynx (between naso and oro)
... down past Epiglottis
through larynx
to Trachea |
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Term
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Definition
Trachea
Main Bronchi (separate at Carina)
Bronchioles
Alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the lungs in which muscle spasms in the small air passages and the production of large amounts of mucous / swelling of mucous lining result in airway obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of hte major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke |
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Term
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Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
a disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of o2 and co2;
this is one form of COPD |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood co2 level below normal |
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Term
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Definition
| a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
| build up of fluid in the lungs, usually the result of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| harsh and high pitched, barking INSPIRATORY sound often heard in acute laryngeal (UPPER AIRWAY) obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched whistling sound, characteristically heard on EXPIRATION in Pts with Asthma or COPD |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of inadequate breathing |
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Definition
unusual breath sounds (wheezing, stridor, rales, rhonchi)
use of accessory muscles to breathe
tripod seating |
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Term
| Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) |
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Definition
| heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of the blood flow to it. ACUTE in this context means NEW or HAPPENING NOW |
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Term
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Definition
| TRANSIENT (short lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| the main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all other arteries |
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Term
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Definition
one way valve between the LEFT VENT. and the Aorta
one of FOUR valves |
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Term
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Definition
| complete absence of heart electrical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| build up of cholesterol and calcium in the blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
the Upper Chambers of the heart.
RT atrium receives blood from Vena Cava and delivers to the RT VENT
the LT Atrium receives blood from the Pulmonary Veins and delivers to LT VENT. |
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Term
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Definition
slow heart rate
less than 60 |
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Term
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Definition
when not enough o2 reaches bodily tissues because of POOR PUMP FUNCTION.
Caused by AMI and other conditions |
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Term
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Definition
Congestive Heart Failure
disorder in which heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually because of damage to heart muscle.
usually results with backup of fluid into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| to shock a FIBRILLATING (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore normal, rythmic beat |
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Term
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Definition
a lack of o2 that deprives tissues of o2 and nutrients
Caused by partial or complete obstruction of blood flow
potentially reversible because permanent injury has not occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| fainting / transient loss of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
rapid heart rate,
more than 100 / minute |
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Term
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Definition
LOWER CHAMBERS OF HEART
RT Vent gets blood from RT AT. and passes it to Pulm Art
LT Vent receives blood from LT AT (which comes from Pulm Vein) and delivers it to Aorta |
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Term
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Definition
Ventrical Fibrillation
disorganized and ineffective twitching of the Ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest |
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Term
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Definition
Ventricular Tachycardia
Rapid heart rhythm in which electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of Atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventual cardiac arrest |
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Term
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Definition
Altered Mental Status
Altered Level of Consciousness
... Pt disoriented or does not respond normally |
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Term
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Definition
| A bulging and weakened area of an artery that might burst. Rupture in brain = hemorrhagic stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden breakage of an artery. can occur in brain = stroke |
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Term
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Definition
Obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by a clot formed elsewhere in teh body, or
another object or bubble of air that travels to the brain and obstructs blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
Cerebrovascular Accident, a stroke
Either Ischemic or hemorrhagic |
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Term
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Definition
| state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused |
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Term
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Definition
| convulsions that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding inside the brain from a ruptured blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off by a blockage; a clot or chunk of cholesterol / plaque |
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Term
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Definition
| period following a seizure that lasts between 5-30 minutes, characterized by labored respirations and some degree of AMS |
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Term
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Definition
| generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity associated with the loss of consciousness and convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation or presence of a BLOOD CLOT |
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Term
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Definition
Transient Ischemic Attack
disorder of the brain in which brain cells stop working because of insufficient o2, causing stroke like symptoms that resolve completely in 24 hours or onset or less |
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Term
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Definition
| a build up of acids on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic disorder in which the metabolism of sugars is impaired, usually due to lack of INSULIN |
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Term
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Definition
| Unconsciousness caused by dehydration, very high blood glucose level, and acidosis |
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Term
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) |
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Definition
| a form of acidosis in CONTROLLED DIABETES in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substances that regulate the activity of organs and tissues; produced by glands |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally high blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally low blood sugar |
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Term
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Definition
a hormone produced by the pancreas that enables glucose in the blood to enter the cells of the body
Used in synthetic form to treat and control Diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
Unconsciousness or AMS in a Pt with Diabetes
caused by significant hypoglycemia
usually the result of excessive exercise or failure to eat after a routine dose of insulin |
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Term
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Definition
DEEP + RAPID RR
usually teh result of acids in the blood when insulin is not available in the body |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive thirst persisting for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake
Often result of excessive urination |
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Term
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Definition
excessive eating
In diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger |
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Term
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Definition
excessive urination
in diabetes, this can result from wasting of glucose in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| usually starts in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control |
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Term
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Definition
| usually starts in adulthood and can be controlled through diet and oral medications |
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Term
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Definition
AMS
Rapid RR
Pale, moist skin / diaphoresis
dizziness or fainting
coma / seizures
... INSULIN SHOCK is rapidly reversible with admin of glucose. Without treatment, permanent brain damage and death can occur. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Hyperglycemia |
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Definition
associated with Dehydration and Ketoacidosis.
Rapid / Deep RR
Warm / dry skin
Weak pulse
Fruity breath odor like booze
... Must be treated with IV fluids and Insulin, usually at Hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| response to chemicals the body releases to combat allergens |
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Term
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Definition
Flushed skin / hives / itch
Swelling of affected area
Wheezing and Stridor
BP decreases
Weak pulse
dizziness
abdominal cramps
headache |
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Term
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Definition
| Extreme and possibly life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may lead to SHOCK and RESPIRATORY FAILURE |
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Term
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Definition
Allergen = substance that causes an allergic reaction
Toxins = poisons or other harmful substances |
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Term
| methods of POISON INTRODUCTION to the body |
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Definition
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Surface Contact (absorption) |
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Term
| Sympathomimetics (drugs that stimulate CNS) |
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Definition
Look for...
HTN
Tachy HR
Seizures
dilated pupils
paranoia |
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Term
| Anticholinergic Medications |
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Definition
usually taken in suicide attempts. Look for...
elevated temp
dryness
blindness
red faced
AMS
cardiac arrythmias |
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Term
| Cholinergic Medications (organophosphates) |
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Definition
SLUDGE:
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI irriation
Eye constriction and Emesis |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that produce false perceptions in any one of the five senses |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance with a chemical action that could damage structures or impair function when introduced to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| any agent that produces an excited state |
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Term
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Definition
| The misuse of any substance to produce some desired effect |
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Term
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Definition
Frost bite - most serious, actually frozen parts
Frost nip
Immersion Foot
...
Remove Pt from cold and protect from further exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| If instructed to do so by medical control, rewarm frostbitten parts by immersing in water between 100-105 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
Stabilize vitals
Prevent further heat loss
DO NOT rewarm Pts with severe or moderate hypothermia; they may develop arrythmias |
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Term
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Definition
Cramps - muscle spasms assoc w/vigorous activity in a hot environment
Exhaustion - body has lost significant fluids / electrolytes because of heavy sweating
Stroke - life threatening. severe hyperthermia. warm / dry skin, AMS, and often irreversible coma |
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Term
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Definition
| remove patient from heat, rest affected muscles, provide fluids |
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Term
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Definition
essentially this is HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK caused by dehydration.
Symptoms: cold / clammy skin, AMS, weakness, headache, rapid pulse. Temp can be high.
Pt may or may not still be able to sweat
.. REMOVE pt from heat and TREAT FOR SHOCK |
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Term
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Definition
Pt usually dry and high temp, AMS, and eventually coma.
...RAPID LOWERING OF BODY TEMP IS CRITICAL |
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Term
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Definition
| air bubbles that form in the blood vessels, usually the result of decompression sickness, i.e. a retarded scuba diver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| core temp falls below 95 F |
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Term
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Definition
| survival, at least temporarily, after suffocating in water |
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Term
| Ways the Body Loses / Gains Heat |
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Definition
Conduction, touching a cold surface
Convection / evaporation, air blowing across wet person cools them down
Radiation - body temp loss / gain by radiant energy
Respiration - warm air in lungs expelled and cold air brought in |
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Term
| The most common serious illness caused by heat = |
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Definition
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Term
How many shocks from AED on a hypothermic Pt?
... how long do we check for pulse? |
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Definition
1 shock until they're warmed
we check for pulse 30-45 seconds |
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Term
| Behavioral Emergency, defined |
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Definition
| any reaction to events that interferes with activities of daily living. |
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Term
| Underlying Causes of Behavioral Emergencies |
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Definition
two categories,
1 - organic brain syndrome: temporary or permanent dysfunction of brain caused by disturbance in physical or psychologic function of brain tissue, i.e. alzheimer's, recent trauma, intoxication
2 - functional disorder: when the dysfunction or an organ cannot be traced to an obvious change in the structure, or physiology, of the organ. i.e. Schizo / depression |
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Term
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Definition
| how a person functions or acts in response to their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which a person's actions / reactions to events interfere with activities of daily living. AKA PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY, a major life interruption, i.e. suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| a persistent mood of sadness, despair, and discouragement. May be a symptom of many different mental and physical disorders or may be a disorder of its own |
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Term
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Definition
illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms and / or impaired function caused by social, psychological, genetic, physical, chemical, or biologic disturbance
(jeez why don't they just say "caused by everything including your kitchen sink") |
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Term
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Definition
1 -Dilation begins with contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated
2 - Expulsion ends when infant fully born
3 - ends with the delivery of the placenta |
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Term
| OB Emergencies - Abnormal Deliveries |
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Definition
Breech Delivery
Limb Presentation
Prolapsed Cord |
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Term
| The only times we'd place a finger or hand into the vagina during an OB EMERGENCY |
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Definition
Gentle pressure on head of infant to relieve pressure on PROLAPSED CORD
OR to create a "tent" around the infant's mouth / nose during a breech presentation birth |
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Term
| Excessive bleeding - OB emergency / during birth |
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Definition
place sterile pad over vagina and change as necessary; keep them so the hospital knows how much blood has been lost
EXCESSIVE BLOOD LOSS = 500ml + |
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Term
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Definition
delivery before 20 wks gestation.
Sometimes called a Spontaneous Abortion |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid filled, bag like membrane in which the fetus develops |
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Term
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Definition
Appearance
Pulse
Grimmace / reaction
Activity
Respirations
Score range 0-10, 2pts possible each category |
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Term
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Definition
| a small amount of blood at the vagina that appears at hte beginning of labor and may include a plug of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged when the cervix begins to dilate |
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Term
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Definition
| when the baby's buttocks come out first. It is possible to deliver a child in this fashion. Remember you may have to create a "tent" between infant's mouth / nose and the skin of the vagina to protect the infant's airway |
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Term
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Definition
| The lower 1/3 or "neck" of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| appearance of the infant's head at the vaginal opening during labor |
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Term
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Definition
| Seizures resulting from severe HTN in a pregnant woman |
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Term
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Definition
| pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
| a delivery in which the presenting part is an arm, leg / foot |
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Term
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Definition
| a dark green material in the amniotic fluid that can indicate disease in the new born; the infant can aspirate meconium. It is usually the infant's first bowel movement and indicates some unusual distress to the infant during delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of skin between the vagina and anus |
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Term
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Definition
| the tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord |
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Term
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Definition
| the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. Look for heaving bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| when the placenta develops over the opening of the cervix. during delivery, the placenta will likely tear, resulting in excessive bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of late pregnancy that involves headache, visual changes, and swelling of the hands and feet, and HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the infant |
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Term
| Supine Hypotensive Syndrome |
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Definition
Mom's BP gets low because the weight of the infant is pressing on the vena cava, reducing blood returned to the heart.
Place mom on her side to alleviate this problem |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular organ where the fetus grows, also called the womb; contracts during labor |
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Term
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Definition
| the outermost cavity of a woman's reproductive system; the lower part of the birth canal |
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Term
| Common complications of Abortion |
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Definition
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