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LATG 08: Biochemistry and Nutrition and Feed
AALAS
80
Medical
Professional
03/18/2018

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Cards

Term
water-soluble vitamin
Definition
vitamin B and C
Term
biological catalysts, which perform work of chemical reactions in cells
Definition
Enzymes
Term
what is a Structural proteins
Definition

proteins that make up things like

the fibers inside muscle cells 

the outer coating of some viruses.

They are often laid down in sheet-like layers or spiral strands.

Many proteins combine shapes of sheets and spiral strands in different parts of their molecule.

 

Keratin and collagen are examples of structural proteins.

Term
Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of which condition or disease state?
Definition
Lipemia
Term
The component parts of triglycerides are cholesterol and free fatty acids
Definition
False
Term
Cholesterol is a steroid.
Definition
True
Term
Prostaglandin is a hormone that is derived from lipids
Definition
True
Term
Which best describes essential fatty acids?
Definition
They cannot be synthesized by the body.
Term
The sheath around many nerves is called ________
Definition
myelin
Term
A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a _______ .
Definition
glycolipid
Term
Cholesterol is soluble in blood.
Definition
False
Term
In dogs and pigs, the digestion of lipids does not begin until food reaches the stomach.
Definition
true
Term
Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils?
Definition
rats and mice
Term
Animal fat contains more unsaturated fatty acid than vegetable oils.
Definition

false

Animal fats generally contain less than 60% unsaturated fatty acids,

while vegetable oils contain more than 80% unsaturated fatty acids

Term
What is a disaccharide?
Definition
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
Two monosaccharides
Term
Mono- and disaccharides are commonly referred to as ?
Definition
sugars
Term
Polysaccharides are also known as
Definition
complex carbohydrates or starches
Term
Sources of carbohydrates in animal feed include .
Definition
grains, such as wheat, corn, or oats
Term
Monosaccharides are the building blocks of
Definition
the other carbohydrates.
Term
examples of common monosaccharides
Definition
Glucose, fructose, galactose, and ribose are
Term
the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes and can be converted to glycogen,is a? polysaccharide, for storage in the body.
Definition
Glucose (also called dextrose)
Term
Oligosaccharides are components of:
Definition
glycoproteins (compounds made up of carbohydrates and proteins), and
glycolipids (an oligosaccharide attached to a lipid molecule).
Term
this complex carbohydrates is called --------because they contain many monosaccharides per molecule, often 300 to 500, thus making them very large.
Definition
Polysaccharides
Term
Cellulose, for example, is a polysaccharide used by plants as their structural material. It cannot be broken down by mammalian digestive enzymes. However, some species, like WHAT, have intestinal microbes that can digest cellulose so the animal can access cellulose’s nutritional value.
Definition
ungulates, rodents, and lagomorphs
Term
Which atoms are part of a carbohydrate?
Definition
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Term
contains only a small number of monosaccharide units (about three to ten).
Definition
oligosaccharide
Term
Common types of lipids in biological systems include
Definition
fatty acids, glycerides, non-glycerides, and
complex lipids.
Term
________ are the main constituents of animal fats.
Definition
Triglycerides
Term
A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a _______ .
Definition
glycolipid
Term
Prostaglandin is a hormone that is derived from lipids
Definition
True
Term
Cholesterol is soluble in blood.
Definition
False
Term
Cholesterol is a steroid.
Definition
True
Term
The component parts of triglycerides are
Definition
glycerol and free fatty acids.
Term
what models are used to research the role of specific proteins to help our understanding of disease processes.
Definition
transgenic models
Term
what proteins help turn certain chemical reactions on or off, such as in the regulation of gene expression
Definition
Regulatory proteins
Term
proteins, which are membrane proteins that transport substances into and out of the cells.
Definition
Transport proteins
Term
regulates body functions?
Definition
Hormones
Term
Enzymes are an example of which type of biochemical compound?
Definition
Proteins
Term
Which type of protein is typically intracellular and helps to turn on or off chemical reactions?
Definition
Regulatory
Term
Which is an example of a structural protein?
Definition
Keratin
Term
________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Definition
Amino acids
Term
Some amino acids are considered essential only for young growing animals.
Definition
True
Term
lipid-soluble vitamin
Definition
vitamins A, D, E, and K
Term
There are seven macrominerals:
Definition
calcium (Ca),
phosphorus (P),
magnesium (Mg),
sodium (Na),
potassium (K),
chlorine (Cl), and
sulfur (S).
Term
Fiber is a carbohydrate.
Definition
true
Term
The deficiency of which essential micromineral results in anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver?
Definition
Cobalt
Term
What is the chemical name of vitamin C?
Definition
Ascorbic acid
Term
Monogastric species are often referred to as:
Definition
cecal digesters
Term
Many microminerals are toxic at high concentrations
Definition
True
Term
Dietary fiber can cause decreased mineral absorption.
Definition
True
Term
Fiber is also referred to as
Definition
roughage.
Term
Animals on estrogen-sensitive studies should be fed a diet high in isoflavones.
Definition
False, isoflavones can compete for estrogen receptors.
Term
What are the two types of acceptable diet formulations for laboratory animals?
Definition
Fixed (exact same level of ingredients as the previous lot regardless of nutrition and
managed, accounts for natural variation. the goal is to maintain the same level of nutrition over time.

unacceptable is the least cost formulation, Labs should never have a cost based feed that aims for lowest price and not nutritional goal.
Term
Which term is used for the cholesterol deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels?
Definition
plaque
Term
Which carbohydrate is known as table sugar?
Definition
Sucrose
Term
Which condition can newborns with phenylketonuria (PKU) develop?
Definition
Mental retardation
Term
Which carbohydrate is found in mammalian milk?
Definition
Lactose
Term

Which of the following is NOT a micromineral?

Chlorine

Iron

Iodine

Copper

Definition
Chlorine
Term
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose
Fructose
Definition
Sucrose
Term
Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Nucleic acid
Palmitic acid
Linoleic acid
Stearic acid
Definition
linoleic Acid
Term
Which of the following is a component of both RNA and DNA?

Galactose
Ribose
Glucose
Fructose
Definition
Ribose
Term
Which statement regarding isoflavone is FALSE?

Isoflavones may lessen the action of tamoxifen.
Isoflavones may strengthen the immune response.
Isoflavones may be found in caging equipment.
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens.
Definition
Isoflavones may be found in caging equipment.
Term
What best describes a peptide?
Definition
Molecule formed by the combination of a protein and a lipid
Term
Blood types are characterized by the carbohydrate portions of _______ on the surface of cells and the carbohydrate portion of serum _______.
Definition
glycoproteins, glycolipids
Term
Which of the following is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides?
Definition
Amylase
Term
The roles of cell-to-cell communication and self-recognition by the immune system are fulfilled by:
Definition
glycogen
Term
Which compound does the body overproduce when fat stores are metabolized for energy?
Definition
Ketones
Term

Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?

Sulfur

Magnesium

Potassium

Copper

Definition
Copper
Term
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

Protein
Lipid
Water
Carbohydrate
Definition
Water
Term
Glucose converts to _______ for storage in the body.
Definition
lipid
Term
Cobalt
Component of vitamin B12
Definition
Loss of body weight, anemia, fatty degeneration of the liver, death
Term
Manganese
Enzyme activity, formation of cartilage
Definition
Skeletal abnormalities, ataxia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired reproduction
Term
Iodine
Component of thyroid hormones
Definition
Reduced basal metabolic rate, goiter, reproductive problems, skin thickening
Term
Selenium
Peroxidase activity, iodoprotein regulation
Definition
Nutritional muscular dystrophy, hepatosis dietetica (pigs)
Term
Copper
Iron metabolism, elastin, melanin and collagen formation, red blood cell production
Definition
Anemia, ataxia, neural degeneration, bone and hair abnormalities
Term
Iron
Component of muscle fibers, hemoglobin, myoglobin
Definition
Anemia, abnormal neural development
Term
Fluorine
Bone metabolism, reduces dental caries
Definition
Bone abnormality, tooth decay
Term
Zinc
Component of nucleic acid metabolism, enzyme activity
Definition
Anorexia, bone growth retardation, altered wound healing, reduced testicular size and sperm production
Term
Chromium
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, insulin cofactor
Definition
Impaired glucose metabolism
Term
Molybdenum
Component of xanthine oxidase enzyme
Definition
Reduced growth
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