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A202 Chapter 2 definitions
Definitions
39
Accounting
Undergraduate 2
05/12/2008

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Term
Administrative Cost
Definition
All executive, organizational, and clerical costs associated with the general management of an organization rather than with manufacturing or selling
Term
Common Cost
Definition
A cost that is incurred to support a number of cost objects but that cannot be traced to them individually
Term
Conversion Cost
Definition
Direct labor cost + Manufacturing Overhead Cost
Term
Cost Behavior
Definition
The way in which a cost reacts to changes in the level of activity
Term
Cost Object
Definition
Anything for which cost data are desired (products, customers, jobs, and parts of the organization such as departments or divisions)
Term
Cost of Goods Manufactured
Definition
The manufacturing costs associated with the goods that were finished during the period
Term
Differential Cost
Definition
A difference in cost between two alternatives
Term
Differential Revenue
Definition
The difference in revenue between two alternatives
Term
Direct Cost
Definition
A cost that can be easily and conveniently traced to a specified cost object
Term
Direct Labor
Definition
Factory labor costs that can be easily traced to individual units of product
Term
Direct Materials
Definition
Materials that become an integral part of a finished product and whose costs can be conveniently traced to it
Term
Finished Goods
Definition
Units of product that have been completed but not yet sold to customers
Term
Fixed Cost
Definition
A cost that remains constant, in total, regardless of changes in the level of activity within the relevant range
Term
Incremental Cost
Definition
An increase in cost between two alternatives
Term
Indirect Cost
Definition
An increase in cost between two alternatives
Term
Indirect Labor
Definition
The labor costs of janitors, supervisors, materials handlers, and other factory workers that cannot be conveniently traced to particular products
Term
Indirect materials
Definition
Small items of material such as glue and nails that may be an integral part of a finished product, but whose costs cannot be easily or conveniently traced to it
Term
Manufacturing Overhead
Definition
All manufacturing costs except direct materials and direct labor
Term
Opportunity Cost
Definition
The potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another
Term
Period Costs
Definition
Costs that are taken directly to the income statement as expenses in the period in which they are incurred or accrued
Term
Prime Cost
Definition
Direct Materials Cost + Direct Labor Cost
Term
Product Cost
Definition
All costs that are involved in acquiring or making a product
Term
Raw Materials
Definition
Any materials that go into the final product
Term
Relevant Range
Definition
The range of activity within which assumptions about variable and fixed cost behavior are valid
Term
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Definition
A schedule showing the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs incurred during a period and the portion of those costs that are assigned to Work in Process and Finished Goods
Term
Selling Costs
Definition
All costs that are incurred to secure customer orders and get the finished product or service into the hands of the customer
Term
Sunk Cost
Definition
A cost that has already been incurred and that cannot be changed by any decision made now or in the future
Term
Variable Cost
Definition
A cost that varies, in total, in direct proportion to changes in the level of activity
Term
Work in Process
Definition
Units of product that are only partially complete
Term
Appraisal Costs
Definition
Costs that are incurred to identify defective products before the products are shipped to customers
Term
External Failure Costs
Definition
Costs that are incurred when a product or service that is defective is delivered to a customer
Term
Internal Failure Costs
Definition
Costs taht are incurred as a result of identifying defective products before they are shipped to customers
Term
ISO 9000 Standards
Definition
Quality control requirements issued by the International Organization for Standardization that relate to products sold in European countries
Term
Prevention Costs
Definition
Costs that are incurred to keep defects from occurring
Term
Quality Circles
Definition
Small groups of employees that meet on a regular basis to discuss ways of improving quality
Term
Quality Cost
Definition
Costs that are incurred to prevent defective products from falling into the hands of customers or that are incurred as a result of defective units
Term
Quality Cost Report
Definition
A report that details prevention costs, appraisal costs, and the costs of internal and external failures
Term
Quality of Conformance
Definition
The degree to which a product or service meets or exceeds its design specifications and is free of defects or other problems that mar its appearance or degrade its performance
Term
Statistical Process Control
Definition
A charting technique used to monitor the quality of work being done in a workstation for the purpose of immediately correcting any problems
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