Term
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Definition
| visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses |
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Definition
| measure of the clarity of the image; minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguised as two separate points |
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Definition
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| a beam of electrons is focused on a specimen (resolution of ~ 0.1 nm) |
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Term
| TEM-transmission electron microscope |
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Definition
| aims a beam of electrons through a thin section of the specimen then uses electromagnets as lenses to focuse and magnify section of preserved cells - used to study internal ultrastructure |
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Term
| SEM-scanning electron microscope |
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Definition
| electron beam scans the surface of the sample, which is usually coated with a thin film of gold; used for detailed study of the surface of cells |
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Definition
| separates organelles to their individual functions can be studied; centrifuging, decanting, centrifuging (separates by density) |
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Definition
| spin up to 80,000 rpm applying more than 500,000 g forces to particles |
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Definition
| bacterial cell; no membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| concentrated region of genetic material in bacteria |
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Definition
| region between the nucleus and the membrane surrounding the cell |
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Definition
| semifluid medium in which the organelles are located |
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Definition
| boundary of every cell; selectively permeable membrane that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cells |
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Definition
| contains most of the genes that control the eukaryotic cells; largest organelle |
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Definition
| netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus on the nuclear side of the membrane |
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Definition
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| name given to chromatin (DNA and proteins) when the cell is preparing to divide (visible under a light microscope) |
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Definition
| synthesises ribosomal subunits in the nucleus |
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Definition
| site of protein synthesis; two subunits; bound or free |
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Definition
| related membranous organelles either through direct contact of transfer of membrane segments as tiny vesicles |
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Definition
| membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae |
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Definition
| syntesizes lipids, metabolized carbohydrates; and detoxs drugs and poisons |
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Definition
| makes secretory proteins and membrane phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates |
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Definition
| vesicles created from parts of the ER membrane; they carry proteins from one part of the cell to another |
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Definition
| modifies, packages and stores proteins; made of flattened sacs |
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Definition
| membrane bound sac of hydrolytic enzymes used to digest macromolecules |
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Definition
| engulfing particles by surrounding them and having their membrane pinch off |
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Definition
| membrane bound sac formed by phagocytosis |
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Definition
| freshwater protist organelle that is used as a pump for propulsion or to rid themselves of excess water |
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Definition
| organelle in plants that expands and contracts due to water loss/gain |
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Definition
| membrane the surrounds the central vacoule in plants |
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Definition
| site of cellular respiration; cristae, make ATP |
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Definition
| site of photosynthesis; grana; thylakoid membrane; produce glucose |
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Definition
| inner membrane folds of the mitochondria |
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Definition
| inside of the mitochondria enclosed by the second membrane |
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Definition
| double membrane vesicles in plants |
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Definition
| flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| stacks of thylakoid membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid inside thylakoid membranes |
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Definition
| membranous organelles containing enzymes to break down peroxides, fatty acids, alcohol, etc. |
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Definition
| network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| tubulin; maintain cell shape, chromosome movement, organelle movement, and make up cilia and flagella |
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Definition
| actin; muscle contraction; cytoplasmic streaming, cell division-cleavage furrow |
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Definition
| formation of nuclear lamina; anchorage of nucleus and other organelles |
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Definition
| region near the nucleus where microtubules grow out of |
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Definition
| paired organelles; 9+3 arrangement of microtubules; organizes mitotic spindle for chromosome movement |
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Definition
| arrangement of microtubules for movement; sperm |
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Definition
| many 9+2 arrangement of microtubules on surface of cell |
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Definition
| anchoring point of the microtubules making up cilia and flagella; structurally similar to a centriole |
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Definition
| protein motor molecule on cilia and flagella; powered by ATP |
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Definition
| globular protein making up microfilaments |
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Definition
| protein associated with actin that comprise muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| false feet; ameboid movement caused by extension and flowing of cellular extensions |
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Definition
| circular flow of cytoplasm within cells |
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Definition
| plant cell organelle; protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water |
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Term
| ECM-extracellular matrixq |
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Definition
| substance outside of cells-between them (collagen, fibronectins) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell contacts in plant cells, channels perforating the cell walls of adjacent cells that allow the passage of material between cells |
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