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| short numerous appendages that propel protists such as paramecia |
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| the ability of an instrument to separate two objects that are close together |
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| disks within the stroma of a chloroplast |
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| what does the central vacuole usually contain |
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| organelle in converting chemical energy in food into chemical energy in ATP |
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| outermost portion of prokaryotic cells |
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| where are calcium ions that can cause a muscle to contract stored within? |
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| organelle involved in cellular respiration |
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| folds in mitochondria's inner membrane |
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| what do all cells have as 1 of their outermost structure? |
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| AKA actin filaments; form a twisting solid rod that often helps cells contract |
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| sticky coat on outermost portion on some bacteria |
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| this forms when rough ER attaches sugars to a polypeptide |
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| what tracks do organelles equipped w/ motor proteins walk along? |
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| the protein fibers that extend throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |
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| all of the membranous organelles in a eukaryotic cell in a system |
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| fluid inside inner membrane of a mitochondria |
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| photosynthesizing organelle |
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| structure inside of nucleus that manufactures ribosomes |
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| a group of flattened sacs & tubes that immediately surround the nucleus & are connected to its membrane |
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| longer appendages that help euglena move |
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| how are flagella composed |
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Definition
| 9+2 arrangement of microtubule |
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| # of membranes surround the eurkaryotic cell |
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| a type of protein transported to other cells ; ex. insulin |
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| do plants have flagellum? |
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Definition
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| is the central vacuole a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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Definition
| tiny sacs made of membranes |
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| type of vesicle that contains digestive enzymes |
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Definition
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| what makes the rough ER "rough? |
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Definition
| the ribosomes attached to its membranes |
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Term
| is the nucleus a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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| does the smooth ER have enzymes embedded into the membrane? |
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Definition
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| is flagellum a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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Term
| do prokaryotes have a cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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| Greek term "karyon" means... |
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| how many times larger are plant/animal cells to bacterial cells? |
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| largest organelle in most plants |
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| microscope best for studying internal architecture of cells |
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| the person who identified the nucleus inside of cells |
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| straight hollow tubes in a cell's cytoskeleton |
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| as a cell's size increases, what happens to the surface area? |
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| light microscope can resolve objects that are ____ micrometers |
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Definition
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| is ER a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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| how many membranes do chloroplasts have? |
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Definition
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| how many membranes do mitochondria have? |
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| measure of the clarity of an object |
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| which is bigger: nanometer or micrometer? |
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Definition
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Term
| which microscope uses visible forms of electromagnetic radiation to view small objects? |
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| scientist that stated that "all plants are composed of cells" |
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| how do 'most' bacteria move? |
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Definition
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| how effectively can a light microscope magnify up to ? |
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Definition
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| further clarified the cell theory by stating that "cells only come from preexisting cells" |
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| the tiny fingerlike projections on their external surface that prokaryotes can attach to surfaces by |
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| all animals are made of cells |
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Definition
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Definition
| produced 500+ single lens microscopes, discovering bacteria, human blood cells, spermatozoa & protozoa |
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Definition
| total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the cell |
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Definition
| surrounds the viral genetic material |
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Term
| what prokaryote is a pseudopod located in? |
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Definition
| a flexible structure lying within the plasma membrane that allows the cell to change its shape *ONLY IN EUGLENA* |
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Definition
| this is what happens when hyphae grows to form a filamentous mass in MOLDS (fungi) that |
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Definition
| feeding on dead animals (most fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| series of flat, disk-shaped sacs, stacked on top of the other connected to the ER. they store&modify&package proteins |
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Definition
| a hole in the nuclear membrane. it allows communication b/w nucleus & rest of the cell |
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Definition
| a sac bounded by a single membrane, pinched off from GA & contain+transport enzymes that break down food and foreign matter |
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Definition
| structures associated w/ nuclear division - composed of mnicrotubules |
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Definition
| carbohydrate stored in amyloplasts (plastids for specialized storage & are ONLY IN PLANTS) |
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Definition
| manufacture proteins, made of ribosomal RNA & protein. may be located in cytoplasm or on surface of ER |
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Term
| what is the cytoskeleton involved in? |
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Definition
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Definition
| small, circular DNA MOLECULES which can reproduce independently of the main chromosome. they move b/w cells by conjugation |
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Definition
| hairlike structures that are used for attachment in bacteria cells, NOT MOVEMENT. they are involved in conjugation & phage receptors |
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Definition
| a viscous, gelatinous layer in bacteria outside the cell wall. |
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Definition
| macromolecule located in bacteria cell wall |
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Definition
| longer than fimbriae - join bacteria cells to conduct DNA b/w them |
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Definition
| send out microtubules for nuclear division |
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Definition
| a hereditary disease referred to as a lysososmal storage disease |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear DNA is attached to proteins forming very long threads |
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Term
| what can the enzymes in the SER detoxify? |
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Definition
| drugs & harmful materials within the liver |
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Term
| is the golgi apparatus a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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Term
| is the lysosome a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| region where DNA of prokaryotic (bacteria) cells is located |
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| discoverer of cells; he saw the shape of cork & coined the the term 'cell' |
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Definition
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Term
| what organelle manufactures lipids & carbs & hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| what buds off of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and travels to the Golgi Apparatus for further processing? |
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Definition
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Term
| microscope used to study the surfaces of small objects |
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Definition
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Term
| where were the first 'scopes used & what was bad about them? |
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Definition
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Definition
| 1. all living things are composed of cells & cell products; 2. new cells are formed only by division of preexisting cells; 3. the cell contains inherited information (genes) that are used as instructions for growth, functioning & development; 4. the cell is the functioning unit of life - the chemical rxns of life take place w/in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st 'scope; consisted of 3 draw tubes w/ lenses inserted into the tubes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do cell junctions do & where are they located? |
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Definition
| hold cells together and mat'l can transfer b/w both of them; located b/w cells |
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Term
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Definition
| watery solution containing dissolved substances, enzymes & cell organelles. this is the site of translation in the cell |
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Term
| which organelles are involved in energy conversion? |
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Definition
| mitochondria & chloroplast |
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Term
| what is the internal skeleton composed of? |
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Definition
| microtubules, intermediate filaments, & microfilaments |
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Term
| what is used to make polypeptides once genetic mat'l leaves the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are able to meet their energy requirements using light/chemical energy from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| obtain energy from other living organisms/their dead remains |
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Term
| why were fungi once classified as plants? |
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Definition
| b/c they are plant-like but lack chlorophyl |
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Term
| what is cytoplasmic streaming? |
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Definition
| the flowing of cytoplasm in eurkaryotic cells |
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Term
| four prokaryotes from large to small: *always come prepared everyday* |
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Definition
| amoeba, chlamydomonas, paramecium, euglena |
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Term
| how do yeasts vs. molds reproduce? |
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Definition
| yeasts - asexually by fission or budding; molds - could be sexual or asexual |
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Term
| what century was first 'scope made & name? |
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Definition
| compound 'scope @ end of 16th century |
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Term
| how many times is image flipped w/ compound 'scope? |
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Definition
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Term
| wavelength limit in light scopes |
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Definition
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Term
| when was electron scope invented? year period |
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Definition
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Term
| resolution limit (nm) in electron microscopes & how many x's better than light scope |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| holds things in place (ex. holds nucleus in place) |
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Term
| fungus have a cell wall. what is it composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does contractile vacuole do ? |
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Definition
| pump excessive fluid out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the thick fluid inside the chloroplast's inner membrane |
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Term
| is the ribosome/centriole a membranous organelle? |
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Definition
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Term
| unicellular vs. multicellular: pick one for yeasts & molds |
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Definition
yeast - unicellular
mold - multicellular |
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