Term
|
Definition
| Tube like structure that extends from the mouth to the anus |
|
|
Term
| What are accessory organs |
|
Definition
| Organs which are necessary for the digestion but are not part of the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory organs |
|
Definition
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What layer is the wall of the GI tract Mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goblet cells that make mucous |
|
|
Term
| What does the mucosa protect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wall of the GI tract mucosa has many what |
|
Definition
| Many secretory cells (digestive juices) are found in the mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the wall of the GI tract sub mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the sub mucosa contain |
|
Definition
| Contains blood vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| In the small intestine the sub mucosa |
|
Definition
| contains many mucous secreting glands |
|
|
Term
| What is the wall of the GI tract Muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the GI tract has two layers of smooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wall of the GI tract muscle has what type of inner layer |
|
Definition
| Fibers that are arranged in a circular pattern (contraction narrows the lumen) |
|
|
Term
| Wall of the GI tract muscle has what type of outer layer |
|
Definition
| Fibers that are arranged in a longitudinal pattern (contraction makes the GI tract shorter |
|
|
Term
| The combination of the contraction of both muscle layers produce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stomach has an extra layer because |
|
Definition
| It helps to strengthen it and help it with mixing food and digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
| The stomach has how many layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the wall of the GI tract serosa |
|
Definition
| Visceral layer of the peritoneum is part of the wall of the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| The esophagus is covered with what type of connective tissue |
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the peritoneal membranes |
|
Definition
| They form a large, flat, folder structure that helps anchor the digestive organs |
|
|
Term
| What does peritoneal membranes contain |
|
Definition
| Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| The peritoneal membranes separates the abdominal cavity into |
|
Definition
| Compartments which helps to restrict the spread of infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the mouth |
|
Definition
Ingestion
Mastication
Deglutition |
|
|
Term
| What are the structures of the mouth |
|
Definition
Soft and hard palete
Maxillae
Mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular organ achored by the frenulam to the floor of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the tongue |
|
Definition
Taste buds
Helps with chewing
Swallowing and speech |
|
|
Term
| The tongue capillary bed is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the salivary glands |
|
Definition
| Three pairs, Parotid, submandibular and sublingual |
|
|
Term
| The saliva secreted from the salivary glands does what |
|
Definition
Moistens food which helps with mastication and deglutition
Helps to keep mouth and teeth clean....lysozyme
Amylase converts starch to sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chewing is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the action or process of swallowing |
|
|
Term
| What is the teeth made out of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The crown projects above the gum and is covered with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The root is under the gum line and anchors the tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Over the course of a lifetime a person will have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deciduous teeth (baby teeth) how many |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common passageway for respiratory and GI systems |
|
|
Term
| Another definition of deglutition would be |
|
Definition
| The tongue pushes a bolus of food mixed with saliva into the pharynx |
|
|
Term
| The uvula is an extension of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What closes the naso pharyx during swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epiglottis covers the larynx during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular tube about 10 incehes long |
|
|
Term
| The esophagus moves food how |
|
Definition
| Mixed with mucus by peristalsis into the stomach |
|
|
Term
| The food in the esophagus travels through |
|
Definition
| The esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm before it reaches the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End of mechanical digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does HCL begin in the stomach |
|
Definition
| Begins digestion of protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that contributes to digestion of protein |
|
|
Term
| Where is the stomach located |
|
Definition
| LUQ directly under the heart |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stomach has two sphincters named what |
|
Definition
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter |
|
|
Term
| Which sphincter is at the entrance of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sphincter is at the end of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the junction of the esophagus and stomach there is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between the stomach and small intestine there is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a pyloric stenosis |
|
Definition
Cant open all the way
Causes projectile vomiting |
|
|
Term
| Two layers of the stomach are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3rd layer of the stomach is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the extra layer of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stomach has folds when empty called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits which dot the surface of the lining epithelium. |
|
|
Term
| What do goblet cells make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are secretions of the gastric pits called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What controls activity of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food leaves the stomach as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the chyme leave the stomach |
|
Definition
| The pyloric sphincter and enters the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Why is the small intestine called small |
|
Definition
| Due to the 1 inch diameter |
|
|
Term
| The small intestine is the longest part |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the small intestine |
|
Definition
| 20 feet log and about 1 inch in diameter |
|
|
Term
| What type of lining is in the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the small intestine have inside |
|
Definition
| Millions of finger like projections called villi |
|
|
Term
| What does the villi in the small intestine accomplish |
|
Definition
| Increases the surface area for absorption |
|
|
Term
| Each villus contains blood |
|
Definition
| capillaries and a lacteal |
|
|
Term
| What is a lacteal in the small intestine and what does it do |
|
Definition
| lymph capillaries and absorbs fat from the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the duodenum receive from the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the duodenum receive from the liver and pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The duodenum has many mucous secreting glands to protect it from what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most digestion and absorption take place where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the jejunum of the small intestine |
|
Definition
8 feet long
Some digestion and absorption take place in the jejunum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ends at the ileocecal valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the enzymes secreted by the small intestines |
|
Definition
Lactase
Sucrase
Maltase
Peptidases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include |
|
Definition
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Proteolytic enzymes: trypsin and chymotrypsin
Bile secreted by the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the distal portion of the ileum |
|
|
Term
| What are the function of peyers patches |
|
Definition
| To protect the small intestine from normal flora which is found in the large intestine |
|
|
Term
| The large intestine is how long |
|
Definition
| 5 feet long and 2.5 inchs in diameter |
|
|
Term
| Where does the large intestine start |
|
Definition
| Begins at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus |
|
|
Term
| What type of wall is formed in the large intestine |
|
Definition
| A series of pouches with creases (tinae coli) |
|
|
Term
| What is the cecum in the large intestine |
|
Definition
Receives material from the ileum
The vermiform appendix |
|
|
Term
| Where is the ascending colon in the large intestine |
|
Definition
| Located on the right side of the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| The ascending colon extends from what to what |
|
Definition
| The cecum to the hepatic flexure |
|
|
Term
| What does the transverse colon of the large intestine extend from |
|
Definition
| Across the abdomen from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure |
|
|
Term
| What is the descending colon of the large intestine located |
|
Definition
| On the left side of the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Where does the descending colong of the large intestine extend from |
|
Definition
| From the splenic flexure tot eh sigmoid flexure |
|
|
Term
| Where does the sigmoid colon of the large intestine start |
|
Definition
| Starts at the sigmoid flexure and empties into the rectum |
|
|
Term
| What is the sigmoid colon of the large intestine shape |
|
Definition
| S shaped segment which bends posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 15 cm of the large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anal canal is the last portion |
|
Definition
| Of the rectum in the large intestine |
|
|
Term
| The internal anal sphincter of the anal canal is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The external anal sphincter of the anal is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the large intestine |
|
Definition
Absorption of water
Absorption of bile salts
Stores waste
Defacation |
|
|
Term
| What does normal flora in the large intestine produce |
|
Definition
Vitamin K
Biotin
Vitamin B5 |
|
|
Term
| Where is the pancreas located |
|
Definition
| Located posterior to the stomach in the upper L quadrant LUQ |
|
|
Term
| What type of enzymes does the pancreas produce |
|
Definition
Pancreatic enzymes
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin |
|
|
Term
| The pancreas produces sodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does secretions travel through in the pancreas |
|
Definition
| The pancreatic duct which joins the common bile duct and empties into the deodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the liver located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the liver receive blood |
|
Definition
| From the GI tract and spleen by the hepatic portal vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glycogen
Vitamins and iron |
|
|
Term
| The liver stores what type of vitamins |
|
Definition
| Fat soluble ADEK and a bit of B vitamins |
|
|
Term
| The liver does the synthesis of |
|
Definition
| Plasma proteins (albumin and clotting factors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liver does what to lipids |
|
Definition
| Modifies lipids to enhance their use by cells |
|
|
Term
| The liver also does the synthesis or urea and of bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For the digestion of lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means break up into small droplets |
|
|
Term
| What is the color of bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular sac/pouch on the inferior surface of the liver which stores bile |
|
|
Term
| Bile is made by liver and it flows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile travels via the cystic duct to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gall bladder absorbs water from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When chyme enters the duodenum the gall bladder contracts and sends |
|
Definition
| Bile through the cystic duct to the common bile duct to the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein catalysts that speed up the reactions involved in digestion |
|
|
Term
| Carb digestion starts with what |
|
Definition
In the mouth with salivary amylase
Continues with pancreatic amylase and
Lactase digests lactose into glucose and galactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digests maltose into two glucose + fructose |
|
|
Term
| The end product of starch(carb) |
|
Definition
| Digestion is monosaccharides |
|
|
Term
| protein digestion starts with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein digestion after the start with HCL and pepsin continues in |
|
Definition
| Small intestine with trypsin and chymotrypsin from the pancreas and peptidases secreted by the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| The end product of protein digestion is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fat digestion starts in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In fat digestion bile does what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In fat digestion lipase from the pancreas digests bile into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The end product of fat digestion is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The parasympathetic stimulation (vagus nerve) increases the production of digestive secretions and does what else |
|
Definition
| Increases motility of the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| The parasympathetic stimulation occurs due to |
|
Definition
Sight and smell of food
Stomach distention |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic stimulation leads to a decrease in the production of |
|
Definition
| Digestion secretions and decreases motility of the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| The small intestines absorb what |
|
Definition
| Digested starch, protein and lipids |
|
|
Term
| The large intestine absorb what |
|
Definition
| Water vitamins and minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spinal reflex initiated by the presence of fecal matter in the rectum |
|
|
Term
| For defecation to occur both sphincter internal and external must |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When aging you get decreased production of intrinsic factor which may lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
